Component of Marketing Plan Essay

INTRODUCTION Marketing plan is the central instrument for directing and coordinating the marketing effort. The marketing plan operates at two levels: strategic and tactical. The strategic marketing plan lays out the target markets and the value proposition that will be offered, based on an analysis of the best market opportunities. The tactical marketing plan specifies the marketing tactics, including product features, promotion, merchandising, pricing, sales channels, and service. Marketing plan is a written document that summarizes what the marketer has learned about the market place and indicates how the firm plans to reach its marketing objectives. It contains tactical guidelines for the marketing programs and financial allocation over the planning period. It is one of the most important outputs of the marketing process. Marketing plans are becoming more customer and competitor oriented and better reasoned and more realistic than in the past. Marketing planning is becoming a continuous proces s to respond to rapidly changing market conditions. What is a Marketing Plan? A marketing plan provides direction for your marketing activities. Marketing plans need not be long or cost a lot to put together. Think of it as a road map, with detailed directions on how to get to your destination. Sure there may be a few bumps in the road, perhaps a diversion or two, but if the marketing plan is carefully researched, thoughtfully considered and evaluated, it will help the organization achieve its goals. The marketing plan details what you want to accomplish with your marketing strategy and helps you meet your objectives. The marketing plan: †¢ Allows the organization to look internally in order to fully understand the impact and results of past marketing decisions. †¢ Allows the organization to look externally in order to fully understand the market in which it chooses to compete. †¢ Sets future goals and provides direction for future marketing efforts that everyone in the organization should †¢Understand and support. †¢ Is a key component in obtaining funding to pursue new initiatives? Components of a Marketing Plan A marketing plan consists of following components: 1. Executive Summary 2. Situation Analysis 3. SWOT Analysis 4. Marketing Goals and Objectives 5. Marketing Strategies 6. Budget 7. Marketing audit 8. Evaluation and Control Executive Summary The executive summary is the first part of the marketing plan, but should be written after all other parts are completed. It is a brief overview of the entire plan and covers only the main points. It is useful to people you approach with your plan, such as investors, who may want to read a synthesized version to determine if they are interested in it before taking the time to read it in depth. The executive summary is also useful internally, as it helps to remind you and your employees of the organization’s desired marketing goals and how to achieve them. Situation Analysis The situation analysis helps you to determine where your organization presently stands. It should examine what’s going on outside of the organization, what’s happening with consumers, and how the business is functioning internally. External Analysis What changes are taking place in your city, county, state, country and around the world that could potentially impact your business? Some things to investigate are: †¢ Changes in political positions and legislation at the local, state, and national level. †¢ Changes in technology †¢ Trends in society’s values and habits †¢ Identify competitors and list their characteristics †¢ Economic conditions Customer Analysis Before developing a marketing plan it’s important to find out what consumers want and how they make purchase decisions. This may require some marketing research. Think about these factors: †¢ Current and potential customers †¢ Trends in consumer buying habits †¢ Why do consumers purchase this product or service? †¢ Why do others not purchase this product or service? Internal Analysis Knowing the state of the organization and its resources helps to determine where it is strong and what areas need attention. Include the following in the marketing plan: †¢ Current state of financial and human resources †¢ Anticipated state of financial and human resources †¢ Your business’s performance in relation to competitors The 5 C’s of Marketing can be summarized as: Company – The product time line, experience in the market, etc. Collaborators (or Partners) – Distributors, suppliers, and alliances. These are any companies that you work with on a day to day basis to help your company run. Customers – This is your market. Ask yourself what benefits they are looking for. What motivates them in the purchase process? Where the customer does actually purchases your product? How the product is purchased (impulse buys, internet, etc)? Understand the quantity a customer will purchase and even trends in consumer tastes. Competitors – Both your actual and potential competitors and those that directly or indirectly compete with you. Understand their products, positioning, market shares, strengths and weaknesses. Climate (or Environment) – These are governmental policies and regulations that affect the market. It is also the economic environment around your company; which is the business cycle, inflation rate, interest rates, and other macroeconomic issues. Society’s trends and fashions are found in the â€Å"climate.† The technological environment is creating new ways of satisfying needs (i.e. using technology to enhance the demand for existing products). SWOT Analysis Conducting a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis is essential in assessing the company’s position and serves as a guide to developing marketing plans. Benefits of a SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis provides a fairly simple, low-cost way of assessing the company’s position. It presents information that is important in developing business and marketing plans, as well as setting organizational goals and objectives. It tells you where the company currently sits, and where it needs to go in the future. [pic] When conducting your SWOT analysis, you should: †¢ Examine your company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats from a customers’ perspective. If you’re having trouble viewing issues that way, ask customers what they think or conduct surveys. †¢ Separate internal issues from external issues. The company’s strengths and weaknesses are internal; opportunities and threats are external. The key test to differentiate the two environments is to ask, â€Å"Would this issue exist if the firm did not exist?† If the answer is yes, the issue should be classified as external. Some things to consider about your company when determining your strengths and weaknesses are: †¢ Size and financial resources †¢ Scale and cost economies †¢ Customer Perceptions You will probably have to do some research on your competitors, your industry, and the environment in order to complete the opportunities and threats portion of your SWOT analysis. Here are some topics to consider: †¢ Trends in the competitive environment †¢ Trends in the technological environment †¢ Trends in the sociocultural environment Once you’ve finished a SWOT analysis for your company, include the resulting strategy in your business and marketing plans. Some key actions to take include: Transform strengths into capabilities by matching them with opportunities in the environment. Example Strength: The company has a very efficient order fulfillment and distribution process Opportunity: There is an unfulfilled need for the company’s product in other countries Capability: The company is capable of distributing its products worldwide †¢ Convert weaknesses into strengths by investing strategically in key areas. Example Weakness: Employees are not familiar with the latest technology in the company’s industry Investment: The employer sends employees to classes, workshops, and conferences Strength: Employees now have inside information on cutting edge technology relevant to the industry †¢ Weaknesses that cannot be converted into strengths become limitations. Example Weakness: A start-up company that has a tight distribution budget and no connections in the industry may have difficulty getting shelf space in stores Meaning to consumers: Consumers may not be able to find the company’s products Minimization: Allow consumers to purchase products through other channels, such as a web site or mail order catalog. Marketing Goals and Objectives After determining your company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, you’ll have a better idea of what marketing goals and objectives should be set. Goals are the overall accomplishments that you’d like to make and objectives are benchmarks to meeting those goals. You might say that goals are more qualitative and objectives are more quantitative. For example: Marketing Goal: Increase awareness of Product X Corresponding Objectives: Increase last year’s direct mail distribution by 20% this year; develop a web site for Product X by June 1st; participate in five trade shows by the end of the year. Goals must be realistic and consistent with the firm’s mission. Objectives must be measurable and time-specific. You may also want to include the person responsible and the budget required for each objective. Marketing Strategies In this section, you’ll define your primary, secondary, and tertiary target markets and their purchasing characteristics. Next, discuss the marketing mix elements (product, price, distribution, and promotion) as they relate to your product or service. Some questions you may want to answer for each target market include: Product †¢ What are the features and benefits of your product? †¢ What is your competitive advantage? †¢ How will you position and differentiate your product? †¢ What complementary products are available? †¢ What customer services are available? Price †¢ What are the costs associated with the product or service? †¢ What will your pricing strategy be? †¢ Will you give discounts? Distribution †¢ Who are your suppliers and intermediaries? †¢ How will you make the product or service conveniently available to consumers? †¢ What partnerships can be developed to distribute the product? Promotion †¢ Where will you advertise? †¢ What public relations activities will be involved? †¢ If you will be involved in personal selling, what is your sales strategy? †¢ What types of promotions will you run? †¢ What sponsorship opportunities are available? Setting the Promotion Mix When deciding how to properly utilize the marketing communications mix to meet your marketing objectives, it is important to consider the relative strengths and weaknesses of each component of the mix. Further, you must always define your total budget first (generally defined in the Marketing and/or Business Plan) and then decide upon the best way to leverage the different elements of the mix to maximize the return on your investment. You will balance the various parts of the mix to not only create an integrated approach to your marketing communications but you must also devote enough resources for each component to be successful. Here are some things to keep in mind: [pic]Reaches large, geographically dispersed audiences, often with high frequency; Low cost per exposure, though overall costs are high; Consumers perceive advertised goods as more legitimate; Dramatizes company/brand; Builds brand image; may stimulate short-term sales; Impersonal, one-way communication; Expensive [pic]Most effective tool for building buyers’ preferences, convictions, and actions; Personal interaction allows for feedback and adjustments; Relationship-oriented; Buyers are more attentive; Sales force represents a long-term commitment; Most expensive of the promotional tools [pic]May be targeted at the trade or ultimate consumer; Makes use of a variety of formats: premiums, coupons, contests, etc.; Attracts attention, offers strong purchase incentives, dramatizes offers, boosts sagging sales; Stimulates quick response; Short-lived; Not effective at building long-term brand preferences [pic]Highly credible; Very believable; Many forms: news stories, news features, events and sponsorships, etc.; Reaches many prospects missed via other forms of promotion; Dramatizes company or product; Often the most under used element in the promotional mix; Relatively inexpensive (certainly not ‘free’ as many people think–there are costs involved) [pic]Many forms: Telephone marketing, direct mail, online marketing, etc.; Four distinctive characteristics: Nonpublic, Immediate, Customized, Interactive; Well-suited to highly-targeted marketing efforts Budget: †¢ The goal of your marketing budget is to control your expenses and project your revenues. †¢ It also assists in the coordination of your marketing activities within your organization. †¢ A realistic budget establishes a standard of performance for your actions, and communicates those standards to others responsible for implementing your marketing strategy. †¢ A well-designed budget is also a tool to keep you on target and indicate when there is needed modification of your marketing plan, especially if something goes really right or very wrong. Budgeting Approaches Where do you get budget numbers? How do you set a budget and organize it? What are some standard ways to measure your budget? There are several approaches you can take to create your budget. Examples of these approaches may include basing your budget on: †¢ Percent of projected gross sales. †¢ Percent of past gross sales. †¢ Per unit sales. †¢ Seasonal allocation. †¢ Projected cash flow. Select a budget methodology that will work best for your business. You may want to make this choice based on how you track your sales and revenues, or based on industry standards. Marketing Audit The Marketing Audit is committed to improving strategic decision making when companies are faced with specific business challenges. Our market research studies provide clarity and insight, often on the most important questions faced by top executives, corporate managers, and strategy professionals. Here are 10 of 25 key dimensions a marketing audit should assess: 1. Key factors that impacted the business for good or for bad during the past year. Including an evaluation of marketing â€Å"surprises†Ã¢â‚¬â€the unanticipated competitive actions or changes in the marketing climate that affected the performance of the marketing programs. 2. The extent to which each decision in the marketing plan—e.g. targeting, positioning, pricing, advertising, etc.—was made after evaluating many alternatives in terms of profit-related criteria. 3. Marketing knowledge, attitudes, and satisfaction of all executives involved in the marketing function. 4. The extent to which the marketing program was marketed internally and bought into by top management and non-marketing executives. 5. Customer, distributor, vendor, and intermediary satisfaction based on research among key target groups. 6. The performance of advertising, promotion, sales force, and marketing research programs in terms of ROI. 7. The performance of non-traditional programs, particularly digital offerings, in terms of ROI. 8. Whether the marketing plan achieved its stated financial and non-financial goals and objectives. 9. Which aspects of the plan that failed to meet objectives with specific recommendations for improving next year’s performance. 10. The current value of brand and customer equity for each brand in the product portfolio. Evaluation and Control Many business owners forget the importance of evaluating their marketing plan. This is extremely important, because it serves as a guideline for what to do or not to do in the next marketing planning period. It is also ensures that the plan will be implemented properly. Some questions to be answered include: How will employees be evaluated and compensated for their work? †¢ How can communication between employees be improved? †¢ Do the employees share the firm’s values? †¢ Is management committed to the implementation of the marketing plan? †¢ What can be done if the product or service does not meet performance standards? †¢ What corrections can be made if the pricing, distribution, and promotion strategies do not accomplish the marketing goals and objectives? †¢ How will marketing activities be evaluated?

A Day in the Life of Brent Dorsey

1. What alternatives are available to Brent in regards to the audit of payables? What are the pros and cons of each alternative? a. One alternative that Brent go do is ask the accountant from Northwest Steel Producers to pull the needed invoices and have them ready in a reasonable time period for review. By doing this it would save Brent time from searching for specific invoices and leave him more time to focus on other audit issues. b. Brent could do as subjected and only pull a minimum amount and take the change of being caught.The pros of this would be that Brent would be able to complete the accounts payable a little sooner but the cons would be that the audit would not be complete and the audit report could have the possibility of not be accurate. I would not recommend this alternative. c. Brent could audit all the payables as required and follow the AICPA regulations. The pros would be that Brent has not violated any regulations and would maintain his job and maintained his eth ical responsibilities. The cons would be that Brent would have to work harder and spend more time working and less time with his wife. . What consequences for Brent, the auditing firm, and others involved, may arise from â€Å"eating time,† as Scott suggested? Similarly, what consequences for Brent, the auditing firm, and others involved, may arise from not completing audit procedures, as Megan suggested? The consequences from â€Å"eating time† as Scott suggested would cause production reports to be incorrect and also would suggest that in the future the CPA firm could possibly perform the audit on a tighter schedule next year.Now if Brent was to follow Megan’s suggestion the auditing firm would not be providing the audit review that is expected and the audit report would be considered incomplete. 3. In your opinion, which of Brent’s alternative courses of action would provide the best outcome and why? What should Brent do? How would you handle the ethic al issues involved in this situation? I feel that Brent’s alternative course of action of calling it a night now and going home and spending time with his wife then getting up early in the morning and going at it again would be the best choice of action based on the alternatives that have been presented.The ethical issues involved in this situation is to not perform the audit under expectations because he is unhappy on the choices he has been given and the choice that has been made. 4. What could John Peters and the other auditors do to better handle the demands of career and family life? John Peters and the other auditors could hire some other associates to provide assistance in the audits which would relieve some of the demands of career and leave more time with family life.

A Reflection Upon My Childhood Upbringing

Parenting styles can have a large influence on adult lives. In this paper, I will discuss the parenting style applied to me by my mother, and the effect it has had upon me in later years. My mother’s parenting style would fall under the â€Å"permissive† category.The permissive parenting type is characterized by warm feelings toward the child that lean towards over indulgement. The parent exercises little control over the child, and also grants high autonomy. The child is allowed to make their own decisions from a very young age.The permissive parenting style that my mother used with me can be clearly seen throughout my childhood. For example, I never can remember a time when my mother said â€Å"no.†Ã‚   We could go to a local store, and I would always emerge with a new toy. I only had to mention what I wanted once, and it was mine.Anything I put on my Christmas list was bound to be under the tree. My mother always wanted me to have the best of everything. I nev er had to commit to anything. If I wanted to play ball, my mother signed me up and bought the best equipment. If I wanted to quit the next week, that was fine. She never questioned my decisions. I was made to think that I could do no wrong.I believe that my mother chose this parenting style because it was the exact opposite of how she was raised. My grandparents were extremely hard on her. She was made to feel that she had to earn their love.She was never given the greatest new toy or the best clothes. When she did convince them that she wanted to play softball, there was no mention of quitting. They never would have allowed it, because that would have been a waste of money. It also would have meant to my grandparents that she did not follow through on an â€Å"obligation.† They never would have stood for that.They allowed her to be friends with children they approved, and they picked out the college she attended. It was only when she met my dad that she was able to break fre e. My grandparents forbid her to see him, but they ran away and were married. Because of the pressure and control my grandparents exerted upon her, I think my mother always had it in her mind to be as different from them as possible. She was miserable growing up, so she wanted the easiest life possible for me.My mother’s permissive style did not prepare me for life very well. It took a while for me to learn that I could not have everything I wanted once I was on my own. When I did not have the money for the latest gadget on the market, I felt deprived. Granted, I could have just asked mom for it, but I somehow had a sense that I should provide for myself. I just really did not know how to go about it.I would get a job, and I would quit if someone made me mad. Of course, mom is proud of everything I do. I guess that explains why I was so surprised when the â€Å"real world† did not love my every deed. I felt let down when I did not receive praise, and angry when improve ment was suggested. While my mom had the best of intentions, I often wish that she had pushed me a bit more and not have been so permissive. That would have prepared me much more for real life.

Globalization, International Manufactures And Service Providers Essay

Globalization, International Manufactures And Service Providers - Essay Example Therefore, globalization connects people and tends to manipulate activities, especially in the economic perspectives to have a common objective. Additionally, globalization promotes the sharing of resources across the globe. Globalization examines operations of various institutions. Besides, economic and religious perspectives, with regards on how to build the world society, necessitate globalization. The main purpose of globalization is to control the problems that the world today faces especially in dealing with the environment and inequality. Therefore, the study of globalization encourages connection of people from different and diverse areas, to come together and solve some of the main problems in the world today. This is done through sharing of trade activities and promotion of equality in terms of resources. On the other hand, international managers facilitate promotion of globalization. They negotiate alliances, deal with the government officials and motivate diverse workforc e (Betty& Oded, 2004, p 478). Therefore, managers play a central function in regulating globalization across the globe.

Successful Quality Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Successful Quality Care - Essay Example Davies and his co-authors (2000) define organizational culture as an organization’s values, norms and beliefs that shape its behavior. As healthcare organizations go through a key reform of their processes of care delivery, they are now increasingly putting more emphasis on organizational culture and its role in driving innovation, facilitating change as well as bringing a transformation in a healthcare system (Shortell et al., 1995a & Ingersoll et al., 2000). Shortell and his co-authors (1995b) assert that successful quality care implementation initiative calls for a significant devotion to a culture that emphasizes risk-taking autonomy and empowerment. In their studies, Sahney & Warden (1991), Wardhani and co-authors (2009), Dean & Bowen (1994), Metri (2005), Hackman & Wageman (1995) and Powell (1995) have underscored the fact that organizational culture successfully drives quality management. According to Rad (2006), quality management practices’ success as an organizational change largely depends on the organizational culture. Apart from the fact that an organizational culture is of great importance to quality management practices’ success, the central function of an organizational culture that creates and manages it is leadership. Leadership imposes the organizational purpose, beliefs, behaviors and leader’s values on the employees of an organization (Schein, 1985; Shaw, 2002; Senge, 1990; Oqbannan & Hrris, 2000). As much as an organizational culture’s leadership affects the culture, an organizational culture affects its leadership (Bass, p63, 1998). Furthermore, through the influence of daily practices, behaviors, and tasks, the leadership style and values of the leaders shape an organizational culture (Sengupta, 2004 & Hofstede et al., 1990).  

New Paper Publishing on the Verge of Extinction Essay

New Paper Publishing on the Verge of Extinction - Essay Example In events where the newspaper is state-owned or is a mainstream medium, it is likely to be extremely centralized and as a result, requires important investment and resources. In other words, this can be heavily influenced by the government through various mechanisms and forms of control. On the contrary, the digital media is radically dissimilar in terms of its characteristics. In its implications, the new media that is; the internet can be used for both â€Å"points to mass communications as well as point to point and mass to point message distribution†. They tend to be tremendously de-centralized and require very low investment. For instance, a blogger only requires having a computer and internet connection and one is able to get the breaking news while in the house and without necessary moving out to collect the newspaper. As a result, it provides greater interactivity and public participation and is much more difficult to fall prey to control. Reflecting on the above under standing, one can deduce that critics choose the new media over the newspaper due to its benefits.In most countries, the new media which comprise of the television, the radio and the internet has gain popularity and acceptance because of the need to have free information flow. This has been given the first priority since the mainstream media that is, the newspaper is perceived to be controlled by the government. In that sense, it does not provide secretive information concerning government matters, unlike other platforms such as Twitter. The nature of the internet has made it possible for online newspaper to be in operation as it is easy to join (Mahmud, S. (2009). A case study on the country of Malaysia reveals intense changes in the media context over the past few decades. Beginning with a controlled media environment where the print media worked under an annual licensing scheme and broadcasting media were state-controlled. Malaysia

Summary and paraphrase of Buckley's article Essay

Summary and paraphrase of Buckley's article - Essay Example This is problematic, because it is a sign of the attitude of complacency. During a movie, he observed similar kinds of attitudes with the projectionist, because the film was out of focus. This is in spite of the fact that everyone knew this, but no one seemed to care. 3. In keeping with his theory of social etiquette, Buckley sees a similar situation with himself every New Year’s Eve. He continually makes resolutions to himself to speak up against the kind of indifference from people like the train conductor, yet every year he never does. The classic example of this occurred on the airplane when he was trying to get the flight attendant to collect his empty tray. During this process, she spoke rudely to him and he had to wait longer for her to pick up his tray. 4. As a result, Buckley deduces that some kind of fundamental shift has taken place in the world. The shift is that no one is willing to go the extra mile for their customers, and that public is unwilling to speak up ag ainst it. The reason why he believes this is occurring is the tremendous technological advancements in this modern age. Beyond Babel: Why the Babble Below Will Matter Less By: Michael Schrage 1. In his article, â€Å"Beyond Babel†¦Ã¢â‚¬  author Michael Schrage is making the argument that although it is an impressive feat of intelligence to be multilingual, it is really unnecessary in terms of the global economy and its success. 2. Schrage clearly states that in a global management meeting, there are many linguistic differences and inefficiencies that do more harm than good. Although a non-native English-speaking representative is doing their best to relay a particular point, without proper fluency in the example language of English, it is more difficult for others to understand what the non-native English speaker is trying to say, as well as that person’s ability to relay the information. It is noted in the article that it is much more likely that business people in As ia speak Microsoft Word much more fluently than they do English. In toleration of an executive that seems to speak more malapropisms than can be understood, those that misidentify the numbers of the business will be fired. This is perceived as an unfair disadvantage, due to the fact that although someone may not be able to speak English, they may still be overlooked in spite of their shining examples of spreadsheet data. In this technological age, words are increasingly less important than the technology itself. Language is becoming a marginal ingredient in managerial goals. It is more important that the spreadsheet or simulation that has been provided have words to reinforce the images of these articles, not the words creating images on their own. It is still important for the words used to be articulate, but not so diluted with malapropisms or gerunds that the language is unclear. 3. Schrage makes the argument very clearly that it is not cost-effective, nor necessary for people to be multilingual in today’s technological economy. He clearly mentions that although someone may be able to speak the language with some fluency, they may not totally understand what they are saying or what is going on. He supports this with the linguistic inefficiencies of people who are not quite fluent in English, but are trying very hard. He mentions diversity creating a need for less ambiguous communications, thus using technology to increase the cross-lingual

Comparative character analysis Research Proposal

Comparative character analysis - Research Proposal Example The reason for Paul and Dave’s sense of entrapment stems from their lack of social and economic power. While Paul was born to a middle-class worker who had â€Å"a worthy ambition to come up in the world†, Dave was condemned to the life of a farm laborer. Disillusioned by their surroundings, both of them felt the need to salvage their situation. Whereas Paul thought money could transform his identity, Dave was misled to believe that owning a gun could help him earn respect. Though both Paul and Dave share a common goal - to rise above their ordinary existence, they end up adopting different means to achieve it. Whereas Dave sweet talks his mother into giving him the two dollars required to buy the gun, Paul does something drastic – he steals one thousand dollars. These different actions cast both of them in different lights. The reader finds Dave childish in his strategy for getting a gun. â€Å"Mebbe Ma will lemme buy one when she gits mah pay from ol man Hawkins,† Dave speculates, sounding every bit a boy as he resolves, â€Å"Ahma beg her t gimme some money.† After he procures the gun, he is mighty careful in hiding it. Later, when he is overcome by the desire to hold it, he makes sure that he is safe and he plows â€Å"two whole rows before he decide[s] to take out the gun† . He then casts careful glances in all directions and then after being sure that he is not being watched, carefully unfastens the gun from his leg, a nd proudly flashes it before the mule: â€Å"Know whut this is, Jenny? Naw, yuh wouldn know! Yuhs jusa ol mule! Anyhow, this is a gun, n it kin shoot, by Gawd!† . He promptly then issues a warning to Jenny: â€Å"When Ah pull this ol trigger, Ah don wan yuh t runnacka fool now!†. It is an irony that he tells Jenny exactly what he should be paying heed to. The silly words that Dave utters, only amuses the reader and they instantly

Andy Warhol - Ambulance Disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Andy Warhol - Ambulance Disaster - Essay Example The essay "Andy Warhol - Ambulance Disaster" states the artwork of Andy Warhol called "Ambulance Disaster". Andrew Warhola, the birth name of Andy Warhol was born in Forest City, outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the family of Slovakia immigrants in August 6, 1928. After graduation from the Carnegie Institute of Technology where he studies pictorial design he moved to New York to work as a commercial artist for several magazines including Vogue, Harper's Bazaar and the New Yorker. He was also involved in advertising and arranging window displays for Bonwit Teller and I. Miller. That’s where he developed his unique sense of style. By 1959 Warhol was a successful advertising design professional. His numerous medals and rewards suggest of his professional career. He won several commendations from the Art Director's Club and the American Institute of Graphic Arts. Already in 1952 his first individual show at the Hugo Gallery, exhibiting Fifteen Drawings Based on the Writings of Truman Capote was launched. He had his first group show at the Museum of Modern Art in 1956. From the early start of professional career Andy Warhol produced images of male nudity in standard "artistic" poses as well as shocking sketches of masturbating men and depiction of same sex intercourse. His sketching and photographing male bodies supported his ability to maintain innovative and influential career. Still he attempted to gain recognition as a "fine" artist featuring â€Å"cupids, beautiful boys' faces.

Quantitative and Qualitative Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quantitative and Qualitative - Research Paper Example The articles contained in the chapter by Mertler & Charles (2011) major on identifying substance abuse issues in high schools. The author of the article does not take account of the purpose of the research; rather the author goes ahead and writes on what the survey depicts. The purpose of a research is vital since it acts as an eye opener to the readers on what the survey research focuses on, and thus the reader can follow through easily. Organization In the article on maternity deaths, the organization of ideas is clear; the author gives the heading, clearly outlines the purpose of the study and then writes an abstract followed by the body which gets segmented into various subtopics. The body has the various methods of data collection, the results and analysis of the results. Mertler & Charles (2011) then stipulates the problems experienced during the research study and gives a brief conclusion. The author in the provided article on drug use by high school organizes the research wor k systematically. Though the researcher does not give the purpose, there is a clear introductory statement. Organization of any survey research is vital since it helps readers to capture every detail included in the reading. Data collection and analysis Considering research on the drug use by high school students, the data is outlined in terms of the percentage levels. The author, for example, states that 35.4 percent of students in 10th grade used drugs while the students who used drugs in 12th grade constitute of 48.6 of the student population. This is seen in the research on maternity deaths, and it helps when coming up with the discussion to act as evidence that the information is authentic (Mertler & Charles, 2011). Conclusions The authors have different ways of concluding their research. The author in the American Journal gives a brief discussion of the research and declares the research relevant while the author in the chapter reading concludes by giving future guidelines on alienating the vice. Both conclusions are vital to ensure that all information is included and renders the research relevant. According to Mertler & Charles (2011), correlational research involves observations by a researcher regarding to a previous situation and in this research there is no intervention from the researcher. In other types of research, researchers manipulate the current situation and check the results of the preliminary manipulations. When dealing with intended results, correlation research identifies the association between two factors or more than two factors while other types of research concentrate on the learning of how changes in a factor affect another factor. Other types of research focus on exclusive types such as experiments for experimental research while Correlational research deals with case studies, survey research, naturalistic observations and archival research. In experimental research, as well as quasi-experimental research, the researchers need to perform actual experiments so as to get exact results regarding the experiment. This implies that the experiment conducted especially in research laboratories forms the basis for the data sources. Though data from previous research may be useful, many researchers who want accurate and authentic results prefer to carry out their own experiments but also use the previous results as reference points for their experiments. Actual

The Graduate Labour Market in Sydney Essay Example for Free

The Graduate Labour Market in Sydney Essay 1. Introduction to Professional Competences – BKEY401 One of the key modules of level four was Professional Competences (BKEY401) which took place over two semesters. The aim of the module was to help identify and analyse professional and personal skills. Also, a further purpose was to use those skills and to develop them to enhance our career prospects. The next paragraphs show an insight of the different skills we have focused on during the module and how it was useful to the individual. The key skills we have concentrated on were communication, team working and presentation and research skills. 2.1. Communication Skills According to the Dearing Report (1997) employers are seeking following ‘key skills’ in graduates: * Communication; * Numeracy; * The use of information technology; * Learning to learn. The Compact Oxford English Dictionary for Students (2006) defines the word ‘skill’ as ‘the ability to do something well’. To be successful in the job you have to be able to combine knowledge with skills. During the module Professional Competences (BKEY401) students got prepared to identify their skills by using a Skills Tracker. This method allowed students to rate their competences in certain areas and to evaluate the need as to where improvement is needed. Communication is one of the ‘key skills’ and therefore has been an important element during the module Professional Competences. Already 40 years ago studies have shown the massive impact of communication (Mintzberg 1973). It has found that managers are spending up to 80 per cent of their time in communicating in one way or another. Based on a research study by Ofcom (2010) consumers are spending 45 per cent of their waking hours with various of communication devices. To improve communication skills numerous techniques, such as role plays can be used. Good communication skills are leading to lots of personal benefits as it helps to build confidence. During last year’s module we have practiced and developed our communication skills by debating or self-reflecting on our communication skills. The self-reflection was very useful to determine in which areas improvement is needed. I had used a SWOT analysis to reflect on my own communication skills. Looking at last year’s Skills Tracker I have rated myself overall with 6.25 points out of 10 points for my communication skills. As English is not my first language my biggest weakness was to speak out loud during classes as I was afraid to make any mistakes. I certainly have improved in this area by preparing myself for classes in advance and by doing further reading within a subject. Receiving feedback from our seminar leader on our reflection on the debate and our skills during the debate was very useful. It helped to ascertain which arguments have been powerful and which ones  should have been researched better. Also, the importance of supporting arguments with statistics and facts has been emphasized. 2.2. Team Work Skills Another focus was put on team working skills. According to Stevens and Campion (1994, 1999) there are five key areas required for team skills at work: * Collaborative problem solving, * Communication – listening effectively, * Conflict resolution, * Goal setting and performance management and * Planning and task coordination. During the module we have been put into teams but were also able to select our own teams. The aim was to prepare us for the future as in any job it is important to work well within a team. Also, it gave us the possibility to share ideas and have access to a wider range of knowledge. Furthermore it helped us to learn how to deal with a conflict that may have occurred and together agree on a strategy on how to proceed. Being part of a team has definitely helped me to develop and strengthen my ability to listen to what other team members had to say, also to be diplomatic if I did not agree with another opinion. I was able to use my own communication skills to make my own voice heard. Working at team projects was a good starting point to prepare us for future working environments. Yet, more guidance on how to deal with conflicts or difficult situations would have been helpful. 2.3. Presentation and Research Skills In the course of BKEY401 focus was also put on developing presentation and research skills. Our task was to compare and analyse four UK supermarket chains by using secondary data. To complement the analyses we had to convert the collected data into Excel graphs and import those into a PowerPoint presentation. Exploring different research sources and methods were a good  starting point for this year’s module Business Research and Professional Practice (BKEY501) which builds up to BEKY401. However, it would have been more beneficial to learn more about the advanced use of Excel as the exercises we had to complete were very basic. Receiving feedback after the task has been positive as it showed you where an improvement was needed. Nevertheless, it would have been helpful to receive more assistance in interpreting the collected data before having to present it. 2. Research into the graduate labour market This section will focus on the research into the graduate labour market especially concentrating on the labour market in Sydney, Australia. Furthermore the regulations in regards to migration to Australia are listed. Additionally the current job market has been investigated. 3.4. The chosen sector My plans for after graduating from University of Westminster are pretty clear and I had already decided them at the time of the application process for university. The sector I would like to enter after finishing my BA Business Management with Human Resource Management bachelor degree will be a combination of HRM and tourism and hospitality. In 2004 I have gained a diploma in Tourism and Management at the College of Tourism and Management in Semmering, Austria. During and after my time at the College I have worked in several hospitality industries and were able to gain lots of knowledge in this field. Unfortunately, the experience has not always been positive, especially when it came to managing staff. The lack of functioning HR departments within the hospitality industry has inspired me to choose the pathway â€Å"Human Resource Management† at University of Westminster. 3.5. Australia’s labour market This report aims to analyse the graduate labour market of Australia, with the  main focus on the labour market in Sydney. Based on the outcome of the Australian Graduate Survey (AGS) (2010) which is released annually by the Graduate Careers Australia (GCA) it shows that after four months of completing a bachelor degree 91.3 per cent are employed either in a full time or part time position. Comparing it with the outcome of the AGS (2009) it is a slight decrease of 1.3 per cent. However it is expected that the graduate labour market will start increasing again over the next few years. Australia’s graduate labour market is more stable compared to the UK graduate labour market. According to a survey from the UK Graduate Careers (2010) due to the high number of graduates only 36 per cent of undergraduates can be expected to find a job after leaving University. This number hasn’t been that low since 1995. Enclosed is a table to give a wider insight into the bachelor graduates market for business studies in Australia. The data has been collected by the GCA (2010) and shows that 75.1 per cent of bachelor graduates who were available for full time employment are working in a full time job. Due to missing sex data percentages of males and females might not add up exactly to 100 per cent. The median salary for a business bachelor graduate is 46 000 AUD (Australian Dollar) which is about 29 200 GBP (Great Britain Pound). Table 1: Grad, Jobs and Dollars Source: Graduate Careers Australia (2010) According to the Australian Labour Market Update (2010) there is a trend in employment increase by 2.9 per cent and this trend has been positive since 2009. Also, the Australian Labour Market Update (ALMU) states that employment will continue to grow in the periods ahead. This statistics are also supported by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) which can be seen in Figure 1 that shows the full time and total employment trend from August 2001 to August 2011. Figure 1: Full time and total employment Source: Labour Force Survey, ABS (2011) Looking at Figure 1 it can clearly be seen that there has been a positive trend in the full time and employment market within the last 10 years. A brief decrease can be seen in the years between 2008 and 2009 during the recession but the market has recovered since then and is continually growing. 3.6. Sydney’s labour market – tourism and hospitality Chosen Australia and especially Sydney being the market I would like to enter these are a very reassuring. Looking at the long term this supports my decision to seek a job in Australia after graduating. Also, taking a closer look at the tourism sector it can be seen that over 220 million people worldwide or 7.6 per cent of the total global workforce is employed within that sector (World Travel and Tourism Council [WTTC], 2009). Regarding Inner Sydney which is the commercial and political heart of Sydney but also the home of one of the best hospitality sectors in the country, it shows that this industry contribute a noteworthy part to Sydney’s economy given the data by Australian Bureau of Statistics. ABS (2011) also states that the hospitality sector counts to the five top industries in Sydney. Based on a study by ABS (2006) it shows that human resource professionals count to the 20 top occupations within Inner Sydney. As I am focusing on a specific sector within the human resource profession I rate my chances to get a job as high as it is still a niche market. Research on various recruiting websites has shown that there is a high demand within the hospitality industry and especially in HRM. As almost in all job announces a membership at the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) is required I have done some further reading into it. According to their brochure a professional membership of the CIPD can help to * Open doors to new career opportunities, * Raise your profile, * Increase your earning potential, * Connect with the very best in the profession and * Access and influence the latest thinking on the future of HR. Even though CIPD is Europe’s largest HR and development professional body it is an internationally recognised brand. Therefore it is committed to develop HR globally by driving HR capability within organisations. Global companies such as Qantas Airlines are offering graduate programmes. Qantas human resources graduate programme is specially designed for graduates with a HR-related degree and takes place over two years. It allows the participant to get a broad exposure to the business and most of the graduate roles are located in Sydney. Areas that would be covered during the training are * Generalist HR * Project Management * Corporate HR Applications for the 2013 graduate programme will be open early 2012 and I have already registered my interest in the programme for their HR department. After completing the two year training staying with the company for a couple of years is compulsory. By doing well during the programme a managerial position is secure and a lucrative salary and benefit packages is included. Getting into this graduate programme would be a great opportunity for me and would also secure a long term contract with the company. 3.7. Migration and the labour market To be able to work in Australia a working visa will be required. There are a few options available to get a working visa. The easiest way would be on a â€Å"Business People† visa and to work for an international company which has a branch based e.g. in Sydney which is my chosen city. This would allow me to work there for a limited period of time. A second option would be to apply for an â€Å"Employer Sponsored Workers† which means, according to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship; applicants must be sponsored by their employer and will be able to either receive a temporary or permanent working visa. The third way would be to apply for The General Skilled Migration Program (GSM) which can be done by professionals and other skilled migrants. People can only apply for it if their skills are particular required in Australia  and who are not sponsored by an employer. Based on statistics published by the Australian Labour Market Update (2010) 33.9 per cent of the working visas granted by the state and territory governments were for the permanent GSM working visa. Taking the last two recent years into account this has been an increase of more than 34 per cent for visas sponsored by the state and territory governments. Furthermore my research has shown that human resource managers are part of the Skilled Occupation List (SOL) 2011 – Schedule 2 and the Australian Institute of Management (AIM) will be the assessing authority for the visa application. 3.8. Skills needed to enter Australia’s labour market The Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) is in charge to analyse the skills and education needed in regards to the labour market issues, including their relationship with migration policy settings. Recent studies conducted by the National Resources Sector Employment Taskforce’s Resourcing the Future: Report 6, have shown that Australia is selecting highly skilled migrants to fill vacant positions for medium and long term needs. Based on the information given on their website professionals holding a degree in human resource management are part of the people taking in consideration for recruitment. Given my double-education, by already holding a degree in Tourism and Management and graduating from the University of Westminster in 2013 with a bachelor degree in Business Management and Human Resource Management it shows that I have excellent chances to enter the market. Being fluent in two languages (German and English) and also having basic knowledge in French and Spanish are prosperous aspects for getting a job. My position as supervisor at my current job at The Medical Chambers Kensington (TMCK) and being in charge of a five man reception team is of great avail. Within the last two years of working for TMCK I was assisting in recruiting new staff and in charge of the training programme. 3.9. Level of education within the hospitality industry According to a survey which has been conducted by Griffith Business School in Australia the hospitality industry is ranked as well qualified, with over 64 per cent of operational staff holding some form of post-secondary education level qualification. Research on LinkedIn on people who are working in the positions I am interested in was very helpful. It has shown that it is important to have not only a good education but also having work experience. During an interview for the Sunday Times with the HR Manager Joanne Wright at The Cavendish Hotel, she stated that internships are very important. In her view student placements help to fill real job vacancies as the student gets a chance to apply subject knowledge and skills in a real working environment. Furthermore it helps for the personal development and allows exploring different career paths and helps to build confidence. Joanne Wright also made clear that nowadays work experience is valued more and more and cannot be replaced with any theoretical knowledge. A personal recommendation to me would be to sign up for a course in Australian Employment Law as it will be necessary to have complete understanding in this subject in order to work there. Also, within the field of human resources on-going trainings are compulsory to keep up with the constant changes within this industry. 3.10. Analysis of Feedback Receiving feedback from my group members during the seminar sessions for Business Research and Professional Practice (BKEY501) has helped me to get a wider understanding of the labour market. It has shown me that I had to include more statistics to support my arguments. Also, the information I had found in the first place were not detailed enough and it was clear that more sources were needed. Constructive Feedback should always be seen as something positive as it helps to improve and to do better the next time.  Giving feedback to the other has been very helpful to get a wider understanding of the task. Caution has to be paid when giving feedback as it should never be meant personally. It is important to only criticise the information provided and not the informer. 3. Conclusion Overall the University of Westminster is doing an excellent job in preparing us for the real world. During the module Professional Competences we have been made aware of the importance of skills and to make sure to continually develop those. Feedback we have received throughout the module helped us to identify our weaknesses and turn those into strengths. The graduate labour market is very competitive but it shows that the economy in Australia is very stable. Also, analyses have shown that the employment market in Sydney is increasing at the moment and that the positive trend will not be stopping any time soon. Even though working visa regulations seem very strict for Australia researches into requirements for the highly skilled visa have shown that with my education so far it should be no problem to enter the job market over there. One of the arrangements I have to do though is to complete a course within Australian Employment Law before applying for the visa. Research has also shown that there is an increase in visas granted for GSM by the state and territory governments. The importance of work experience has clearly been stated in the report. In addition I have to bear in mind to constantly push myself and developing myself to be able to work in the top of my field. 4. List of References AG (2010), RESOURCING THE FUTURE National Resources Sector Employment Taskforce, Report 6, DEEWR, Canberra. AG. (2011). Visas, Immigration and Refugees. Available: http://www.immi.gov.au/skilled/. [Accessed 9 November 2011]. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010c), Labour force, Australia, detailed, quarterly, May 2010, cat. no. 6291.0.55.003. ABS, Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2009). Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, 1st Edition, Revision 1, Cat. No. 1220.0 ANZSCO. Australian Government Printing Office, Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2011). Australian Labour Market Statistics, October Quarter, Cat. No. 6105.0. Australian Government Printing Office, Canberra. CIPD (2011). Experience Assessment: A new route to professional membership. Brighton: Mosaic. Compact Oxford English Dictionary for Students (2006) Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dearing, R. (1997) The Dearing Report (series of reports by The National Committee of Inquirq into Higher Education. Available at http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/ncihe/docsinde.htm. [Accessed 5 November 2011]. Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (2010d), Workforce characteristics, Skills Info, DEEWR, Canberra. Gilleard, C. (2006) Graduate careers: Bridging the gap between graduates and employers. Independent [online], 13 October. Available at http://education.independent.co.uk/magazines/article1869024.ece [Accessed 7 November 2011]. Graduate Careers Australia (2010), GradStats: Employment and Salary Outcomes of Recent Higher Education Graduates, 15,.2-9, GCA, Canberra. International Labour Organization. 2001.Human Resources Development, Employment and Globalisation in the Hotel. Catering and Tourism Sector, ILO, Geneva, 2001. Mintzberg, H. (1973) The Nature of Managerial Work. New York: Harper Row. Ofcom. (2010).The Communications Market August 2010. Available: http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/market-data-research/market-data/communications-market-reports/cmr10/. [Accessed 9 November 2011]. Paskin, B. (2011). The Cavendish Hotel named as best small hotel employer. Available: http://www.bighospitality.co.uk/Events-Awards/Sunday-Times-names-The-Cavendish-Hotel-as-best-small-hotel-employer. [Accessed 8 November 2011]. Qantas. (2011).Human Resources. Available: http://www.careers.qantas.com.au/Graduates/Human-Resources.aspx. [Accessed 7 November 2011]. Stevens, M. J. and Campion, M. A. (1994) The knowledge, skill, and ability requirements for teamwork: Implications for human resource management, Journal of Management, 20, 2: 503-30. Stevens, M. J. and Campion, M. A. (1999) Staffing work teams: Development and validation of a selection test for teamwork settings, Journal of Management, 25, 2: 207-28. Taylor J (2005) Recruiting University graduates for the public sector: An Australian case study. International Journal of Public Sector Management 18(6): 514–533. UKCGE. (2010). The UK Graduate Careers Survey 2010. Available: http://www.ukcge.ac.uk/news/archive/April+-+June+2010/Careers+Survey. [Accessed 7 November 2011]. World Travel and Tourism Council (2009). Travel and tourism economic impact. London, England: World Travel and Tourism Council.

Studio Production Essay Example for Free

Studio Production Essay With academic reference, research and analyse what your studio role involves both technically and creatively from pre production to production of a studio programme. And with reference to your team’s studio programme, discuss your role and how you contributed. Introduction The purpose of the â€Å"Studio Production† module was to produce a live studio programme in a team, starting from the pre-production stages right through to the live studio broadcast. Each member of the team was assigned a studio role that they would carry out throughout the course. The different roles available will be discussed in more detail later. Television studios supply the appropriate environment and coordination for making live studio programmes. Everything that goes on within a studio can be properly controlled and gives you the opportunity to get the best use out of the equipment; such as cameras, lighting and sound etc. Television studios are convenient and spacious enough to create sets and hold an audience. The audience are often there to interact; either by asking questions, or simply to laugh in the right places and give the presenter(s) someone to bounce off. Live studio programmes generally come as daytime or late night chat shows or discussion programmes. Research Daytime television has programmes such as: Ready, Steady, Cook, Paul O’Grady, This Morning and Loose Women. The media is the biggest cause for stereotyping, and daytime television is usually directed more towards women, who stereotypically are the ones at home in the day, whilst the man is at work. They are also for students and OAP’s who are also thought to be at home watching television. As these programmes are intended for the daytime, the content of these programmes must be suitable to be shown before the watershed. Late night television programmes are on after the watershed, so are allowed to be more risque. These programmes usually consist of a presenter, guests and some debates for factual or entertainment value. Friday Night With Jonathan Ross, Match of the Day, Parkinson and the Friday Night Project are all examples of late night shows. Discussion shows like Jeremy Kyle, Trisha Goddard and Question Time are often on during the day too, again its target audience being women, students and pensioners. There is usually a presenter who raises three or four different news or topical issues that are discussed, or problems are solved. There are many different roles that need to be undertaken in order to make a live studio programme: †¢Producer – they create the show and are responsible for the studio equipment and crew, as well as the content and timing of the programme. †¢Director – it is their visual input that makes the programme what you see. They are responsible for the overall flow of the programme, the shots, what cameras and graphics are to be used and to direct the crew. Vision Mixer – they are responsible for the output of the live programme. The director instructs what shots and graphics are needed and when and how they are transitioned, whilst the vision mixer gets it done. †¢Presenter – the one who delivers it all to the audience, reading from the autocue and adlibbing. †¢Scriptwriters – they write the programme script , so often the producer, presenter and prompt operator will be involved in the scriptwriting process. †¢VT Graphics – Graphics, titles and Astons are all designed and created for the programme. The VT’s are the videos used as cutaways in the programme to essentially give the presenter a break and to possibly change the scenery/area. Both work closely with the vision mixer. †¢Lighting – lights up the set, presenters and guests accordingly. †¢Sound – testing sound and responsible for the audio set-up. There are usually two sound engineers working on one programme. †¢Camera Operator – operates the camera. The director tells them what shot they want and the camera operator generates it, quickly framing and focusing on the person/object. A basic studio programme would have at least three or four cameras. †¢Floor Manager – manages the studio floor and making sure everyone is where they are supposed to be, controls the audience and passes on instructions to the presenter and guests on the programme. †¢Prompt Operator – inputs the script into the autocue, runs the autocue for the presenter to read. A daytrip to London’s Leicester Square Studio to watch TRL was organised, in order to get a feel of a live studio programme in transmission. Vision Mixing Vision mixing is similar to editing, only in real-time, as you are editing for a live studio programme, so you only have one chance to get it right. Once a moment has passed you cannot get it back, so timing and initiative are extremely important qualities to ensure for being a vision mixer. Like post-production editing, the cuts between takes want to look seamless and subtle, not clunky and obvious. The aim of the vision mixer is to follow the action. Viewers do not want to look at a shot of an inanimate person whilst someone else talks, they want to see who it is doing the talking. The vision mixer listens to what shots the director wants and how they want the cuts to look, and it is their job to bring the directors instructions to life. There are two main screens the vision mixer needs to be aware of: the â€Å"preview screen† and the â€Å"programme screen†. The preview screen shows what will need to go live next. Such as if camera 2 or a VT needs fading in, then it should be displayed ready to fade in on the preview screen. The programme screen shows what is currently being broadcast. A For-A VPS-700 Ginga Video Production System was used as the video switcher for the studio programme. It is a 12 input switcher, allowing for: 3 camera channels, 2 VT playback channels, a graphics fill key, an internal still store and also internal matte generators. Along the bottom of the switcher are two rows of thirteen numbered buttons (numbered 1-12, for the twelve inputs). These numbers represent a channel input that is being used for recording. For example, Camera 1 will generally be fed through button 1. Camera 2 is on 2, Camera 3 is on button 3 etc. The very first button on the row is â€Å"Black† which brings up an empty black screen. This is used to begin and end a programme: â€Å"fade to black†. The top row of buttons represents the ‘live’ buttons and when in use, will be lit in red. Red means â€Å"Live†. Whatever button is on here will be being shown on the programme screen. The bottom set of buttons will be what is displayed on the preview screen, and the buttons will light up in yellow, meaning they are ready to go live. There were six screens in the gallery that were assigned to channels on the switcher, so the first six channel inputs (the most used ones) were easy to view, without needing to set them up on the preview screen: 1. Camera 1 2. Camera 2 3. Camera 3 4. VT 1 5. VT 2 6. Graphics The transitions that could be used to edit between shots are cuts, mixes or fades. There are also many effects that the For-A VPS-700 Ginga could do. The come under wipes, digital video effects and downstream keys. Wipes do not manipulate the video source and are used by an inbuilt key. They can be used for graphic transitions, but are not ideal for live television productions as look quite juvenile. Digital video effects (DVE’s) can make picture-in-picture effects and change the position of the frame. Downstream keys (DSK’s) are used for Astons, logos and for rolling credits. â€Å"Back to the Movies† The chosen type of live studio programme that Group 3 chose to make was a quiz show. This was chosen because the majority of programmes being made by the other groups were late night chat shows, so a quiz show would stand out more from the others, as well as also providing more of a challenge to make. Quiz shows need to be spontaneous and can be unpredictable when it comes to people answering questions and what will be said. A good deal of the content is scripted, but the guests cannot be given scripted answers, as this would make the idea of the quiz fake. This meant that guests on the programme would not be able to rehearse all of the rounds or hear the questions that they would be answering in advance, so that they would not know them during the live broadcast. This means that cameras would not know which people to frame and focus in advance, nor would the director or vision mixer know who would need to be shown on the programme, until the guest buzzed in. This makes for harder work than a fully scripted programme, as well as impulsive shots to be taken by the camera operators and vision mixer. Being on a film course, the quiz show was decided to be based upon film questions, and separated into four rounds: †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Quick-fire† round – random film questions, teams buzz in to answer. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Guess the Odd One Out† round – each team is shown four images of film celebrities. They need to guess who is the odd one out and why. â€Å"Guess What Happens Next† round – each team is each shown two film clips. Using their imagination instead of knowledge, they need to guess what happens next. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Movie Tagline† round – Each team is given different taglines from films, they need to guess what the film is. The director instructed that as a contestant spoke, the vision mixer would select the appropriate camera set up to capture the action. This involved a lot of quick switchin g, because during the quick-fire rounds, any of the four contestants could be answering. This meant that for this round, one of the three cameras needed to be on Team 1, another on Team 2, and the other camera on the Presenter at all times, because any of the teams could be answering the questions, and depending on the length of their answer, the action may switch back to the presenter. The presenter sits in the middle of the set, with a team of two guests to either side of him. The presenter has two buzzers to himself; one with the noise signalling a wrong answer, and the other making a noise to signify that the answer to the question is right. To make things easier for knowing who to switch to, the teams each had a separate buzzer noise, so that the director, cameras and vision mixer would realise who was about to speak, before they began. â€Å"Back to the Movies† starts with a fade from black to the opening 30 second VT on channel 4. The last ten seconds of the VT are counted down, and the establishing shot of the set is set up ready on the preview screen, through channel 2. The title graphics naming the show are faded onto the screen at this point, using the downstream key. They are faded back out, and a direct cut is made to show a shot of the audience clapping. Another direct cut is made to show the presenter, whilst his name is faded on and off screen, followed by direct cuts to introduce the teams, and again the graphics are faded in to show their team names. Direct cuts are used mostly throughout the show, as the cuts need to be quick and often you do not know in advance who will be the next to speak. The only fades used are for the graphics, VT’s and at the start and end of the show, when the programme is faded to black. Conclusion The idea of a quiz show was different to the more expected late night chat show that seemed to be a favourite among most students. It also provided more of a challenge because of its unpredictable nature that kept the crew on their toes at all times, and helped things to be less tedious. New guests each time helped to keep the atmosphere fresh during rehearsals. The only hindrance with â€Å"Back to the Movies† was the lack of cameras within the studio, as there were some shots that were just not doable with only three cameras and five people on set.

Strategic Analysis of Ge Healthcare

Strategic Analysis of Ge Healthcare GE Healthcare: Company Overview GE Healthcare is a unit of the wider General Electric Company. It has a global orientation, employing more than 46, 000 staff committed to serving healthcare professionals and patients in over 100 countries. It is headquartered in the United Kingdom (UK)-the first GE business segment outside the United States. It has a turnover of approximately $ 17 billion. The headquarters hosts GE healthcare corporate offices as well as finance, sales, global sourcing departments, X-Ray marketing, manufacturing, design and shipping. The finance and sales departments at the headquarters handle GE Healthcares high level decisions, but each modality often has its own similar departments. The global sourcing department handles all purchasing for the firm. GE Healthcare provides a variety of products services namely Technologies in medical imaging, diagnostics in medicine, systems for monitoring patients, solutions for improving performance, discovering drugs, and technologies to manufacture biopharmaceuticals. It also provides X-Ray products which include; radiography, fluoroscopy, vascular, cardiology, and the Mobile C-Arm machine. At present, GE Healthcare has six major business units; Global Diagnostic Imaging Unit: with its headquarters in the US, its business includes; digital mammography, X-ray services, Magnetic Resonance, Computed Tomography and technologies in Molecular Imaging. Integrated IT Solutions (IITS). Also headquartered in Barrington USA, IITS offers solutions in clinical and monetary information technologies, such as IT Products and service for departments, systems for picture Archiving and Communications, Information System solutions in Radiology and Cardiovascular in addition to practices and systems for managing revenue cycles. Medical Diagnostics Business Unit. This is headquartered in USA and its business includes; Researches in Medical Diagnostics, manufacturing and marketing imaging agents used in medical scanning techniques to view human body organs and tissues. Clinical Systems Unit. Also Headquartered in the US, this business offers a variety of healthcare services and technological solutions for medical officers and managers of healthcare systems. These include; Ultrasound, technologies for monitoring patients, bone densitometry, incubators, respiratory care and management of anesthesia. GE Healthcare Life Sciences Unit. This is headquartered in Sweden. It produces technologies for discovering drugs, biopharmaceutical manufacturing and cellular technologies. This division also manufactures equipment for the purifying biopharmaceuticals. GE Healthcare Surgery Business Unit. This division offers equipment and technologies for surgical care interventions, cardiac, systems and technologies for diagnostic monitoring, systems and data management technologies, to systems for mobile fluoroscopic imaging, instrumentations on 3D visual systems and navigation. Its headquarters are in Utah, USA, GE Healthcare has offices in different parts of the world. It also has primary regional operation centers in Paris, Japan, and India. (GE Healthcare Website; Retrieved December 2010) Business Strategy and Organizational Structure Analysis The world business environment is constantly changing, presenting new opportunities and challenges. This calls for competitive strategies in order to remain competitive. This section evaluates the opportunities and challenges presented by GE Healthcare organizational structure. In the Financial Year (FY) ending December 2007, the company recorded revenues of $16, 997 million; an increase of 2.7% over 2006. The operating profit was $3,056 million in 2007; drop of 2.7% from 2006. This GE business unit recorded revenues of $16,015 million, during the Financial Year (FY) ended December 2009. This reflected a decrease of 7.9% over FY 2008. The operating profit for the FY ended December 2009 was $2,240 million a decrease of 15.1% over FY 2008. Analysts attribute to both the complex internal and external environments of the company. I evaluate this argument by undertaking a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of the company and integrating it to the Porters Fiv e Forces Model. Internal Analysis GE healthcare is one of the best firms in leadership development. The firms Human Resources Department is keen in developing a strong workforce that responds to changing global needs. It employs strategically employs and motivates the best qualified talents globally. It invests more than $100 million annually on educational training and staff development. The GE Healthcare Institute provides advanced training for GEHC employees and customers. It combines Technical training, Applications and Leadership trainings. More than 70 laboratories with the latest equipment provide GE and customers world class instruction in all areas of equipment maintenance and operation. The Training in Partnership curriculum provides a full range of training programs. GE managers are considered one of the firms distinctive competencies and strengths. The challenge is maintaining employee motivation through better remuneration in a time of global economic meltdown and declining profits for the firm. GE Healthcare is capable of changing and constantly re-inventing itself to deal with changing business needs. Setting new standards for management, organizational design, Research and Development has been the pillar of the firm. This is evidenced by the establishment of the six distinctive business units stated above. Exploiting the resources that the firm has, this competency can be meant un-substitutable. The firm is continually innovating to develop solutions to customer changing needs. As Jeffrey Immelt stated, the firms employees have an ability to live in the moment. This quality is rare and not easily imitated. This organizational culture ensures that employees continue with innovation and development of new ideas. The firm has a global orientation, with production facilities outside the US and UK, a wider customer base, a superior brand, sales, marketing, IT and Production departments within every modality. This ensures efficiency of service within each business unit. To ensure financial accountability in outsourcing and procurement, decisions regarding this are handled by offices at the headquarters. GE Healthcare operates within the Rubric of the well known and established General Electric; this promotes sharing of management knowledge and experiences. General Electric is a well known Brand with a global touch. This strong internal structure has been at the core of the firms success. However Organizations function as systems, they interact and respond to the surrounding environment (Barnard 1938). This calls for an external analysis of this firm. External Analysis Competitor Analysis Analysts argue that competitors can ensure that similar firms remain productive. Though this can be healthy for consumers, small competitors and substitute product can drive giants out of the market. Siemens AG competes against GE group in communications, power, transportation, medical, and lighting industries. Siemens and HE Healthcare are most competitive in the healthcare industry. Siemens Medical Solutions happens to be largest supplier of healthcare equipment globally. Siemens AG is distinctive in its innovativeness and provision of complete solutions to its customers. Siemens is actually larger, with close to 440,000 employees, 70,000 of which are located in the U.S. Despite the fact that GE Healthcare outdoes Siemens AG in healthcare ($9.4 billion) and energy ($15.3 billion) it is a competitor that cannot be ignored. Both operate at virtually global scale. Other competitors include FUJIFILM Medical Systems USA, Inc. Hitachi Medical Corporation Nihon Kohden Corporation Schiller AG TOSHIBA Medical Systems Corporation Philips Healthcare Philips Respironics, Inc. Industry Analysis General Electrics firms including the Healthcare unit have been analyzed using porters five forces model to determine which industry is more attractive. GE Healthcare industry is challenged by competitors and new market entrants. Consumers constantly demand low prices at a high quality leading to intensive bargaining. Retailers have to bargain with suppliers to fix the prices of their products. The GE retail industry also faces the threat of substitute products. For more on the competency strategy, SWOT analysis an the forces model see Appendix 1 and 2. Recommendations GE Healthcare already has a global orientation, large customer base. The success of GE Healthcare lies at how best it chooses its business focus. There is need to focus on a specific market niche. Too much diversification and provision of a wide variety of products may be a step forward but it can also become a mechanism for reversal. Much diversification can lead to lose of business focus. It is evident that new technology and the creation of a global virtual market offer an opportunity for the firm to grow its business. African and some Asian markets are still virgins to the firm. There is need to identify and exploit this business markets. Where favorable, establish production facilities. Advertising and strategic marketing remains a superior option to strengthen the firms brand identity. With increasing human rights concerns and demands for accountability, there is need for education and corporate social responsibility, as consumers are becoming more sensitive to scientific infor mation. Nevertheless challenges of environmental accountability abound and cannot be ignored. Works Cited Barnard, C.I. The Functions of the Executive, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1938. Print. Barnard, C.I. Organization and Management: Selected Papers, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1948. Print. Brady, Diane. GE: When Execs Outperform the Stock. Business Week 17 Apr. 2006. Goel Sanjay et al .General Electric: Strategic Management. April 20, 2006 Appendix 1 GE Healthcare: SWOT Strengths Innovation Research and Development Broad Product Portfolio/business units Global Orientation/customers/market share Recognized Brand-strong reputation/image Superior Technology Ability reinvent itself to deal with changing times Strong Organizational Culture/structure Strategic Alliances and Agreements Awards and Recognition Weaknesses Fluctuating Revenues/profits Voluntary Product Recalls FIDA Warning Letters Environmental legal constrains Opportunities Growing Aged Population Market Potential Emerging Markets New Product Launches Inorganic Growth Strategy Threats Introduction of Innovative Technologies Competitive Environment FIDA Regulations Deficit Reduction Act Increased regulations regarding outsourcing

Children’s Literature in Jamaica Essay -- essays papers

Children’s Literature in Jamaica As children in the United States, we grow up listening to the stories of Dr. Seuss and Curious George as we fall off to sleep to the sound of our parent’s voices echoing in our dreams. As we start to grow older and the poetry of Shel Silverstein’s, "Where the Sidewalk Ends" no longer holds our imagination as much as it did at eight years old, we begin to read stories that are a reflection of the environment we live within. We engaged ourselves in the lives of such characters as the Hardy Boys and Willy Wonka. What these stories lacked however, are the social issues that are ever present in today’s society. Not all of American children’s literature is without social content, but the literature many of us grew up with was about adventure and mystery. On the other hand, Caribbean children’s literature tends to base its work on survival. The stories of Jamaican folklore for example, tell the tales of the original inhabitants of the Caribbean Island and how they survived colonialism, slavery, poverty, and racism. From generation to generation these stories have been passed down in their original form through oral history. Oral tradition is a method that I believe is no longer preserved in American culture. Rarely do you read of an individual who was sat down on his grandparent’s knee to hear the childhood stories he or her was told by their grandparents before them. In today’s society, all a child has to do to be entertained is turn on the television, or log on to the internet to hear and read the rhetoric of today’s entertainment industry. Whether it is a lack of communication between parent and child, or a loss of innocence, the tradition of a parent telling the story of his or her ancest... ...ren are forced to deal with throughout life. Bibliography Berry, James, Everywhere Faces Everywhere, Simon and Schuster Publishing, New York, 1996 Bolden, Tonya, Rites of Passage: Stories About Growing Up by Black Writers from Around the World, Hyperion Books for Children, New York, 1994 Dance, Daryl, Folklore from Contemporary Jamaicans, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, 1985 Dawes, Kwame, Wheel and Come Again: An Anthology of Reggae Poetry, Goose Lane Publishing, Canada, 1998 Jekyll, Walter, Jamaican Song and Story, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Jennings, Linda, A Treasury of Stories from Around the World, Kingfisher Publishing, New York, 1993 Ribelli, Piero, Jah Pickney: Children of Jamaica, Ian Randle Publishers, Kingston, Jamaica, 1995 Sherlock, Philip, West Indian Folk-tales, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, 1966

My Ascent Into 8th Grade Stardom :: essays research papers

My Ascent into 8th Grade StardomIt was very hard moving to a new town in the summer of 1994. This event meant having to attend a new middle school and reestablish myself in a new environment. Even though I had moved about every two years of my entire life, that did not make this time any easier. I still had to make new friends and ground myself all over again.Middle School, like most other middle schools, had an "in" crowd. At Crossroads, it was mainly the football players. After I started school at Crossroads, football tryouts were being staged. I saw this as a most significant event on my path through adolescence, a chance to get recognized by my new school, as well as a chance to make some friends and gain some glory along the way. Getting up at one Saturday morning and going up to the school, I was very nervous about whether I would make the team or not. I've always had athletic ability, but since this was a new town, I was unsure about how my skills would compare with the other kids. Football tryout was a grueling event. When tryouts started, it was explained to all of us that the coaches would run drills in order to gauge our skills, and then place us in specific position groups. After the drills, which I did exceptionally well in , Coach Jones placed me in the running back group. He told me that I was extremely strong and fast, and that I would make a good tailback. It felt so good, not only making the team, but being singled out by Coach Jones as possibly one of the better players on the squad.Throughout the next couple of weeks, the Crossroads Vikings held football practice every day after school from 2:45 until 5:00. We always started with some team stretching and then we moved onto our positional drills. We running backs always had drills such as running through ropes and practicing plays. It was fun. As the days and practices went by, I made many new friends. All the starters, me being the starting tailback, just began to hang out together, in and out of school. That is just the way it went. Chad, Rick, Bill, Derek, Ben, and I were hanging out together all the time. Eventually, they introduced to me to all the "cool" kids in school and the feeling of being the "new kid" went away.

Free Narrative Essays - Getting Out :: Personal Narrative Essays

Getting Out      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moving to Ankeny proved to be more difficult that I first expected. I had been looking forward to moving out of the house for over four years, and wxpected it to be easy and fun.   Moving turned out to be neither easy nor very fun, as I had hoped it would be.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I took us four trips to Ankeny just to get our apartment.   First, we had to look at different apartments.   Then we had to sign a few papers and leave a deposit.   Belmont Apartments decided to change the way it filed information.   So, we had to go back again to sign a bunch of papers, bring a money order for the first month's rent, rip up the old deposit check, and pay a highter deposit.   The apartment manager showed us the apartment, and then we left.   Our apartment manager decided to move us to the third floor. So, we had to approve the apartment and tell her what we wanted fixed.   At last, we had our apartment.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, it was August and it was time to move.   Our original plan was to move everything at once with friends and family, but August became very bust.   One week I went on vacation to Chicago.   Then I had to go fishing for four days with my family.   Another weekend I went ot a friend's house, who I met at Boy's State, to see a rodeo.   My roommate, Nathan, had a wedding ot attend.   Nathan worked from eight'o clock untill five thirty as a hired hand.   I worked a virity of hours at the Dariy Queen usually over lunch and supper, which is when Nathan did not work.   By the time we finished playing the messages game, we dicided to take our things to the apartment when we had time to go to Ankeny.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nathan and I had to by at DMACC on the same day for a financial aid seminar.   So, we planned to help each other take the thins up to the apartment.   Lucky for me he had already taken all of his heavy furniture on a previous visit.   I had a hide-a-bed couch, a love seat, a desk, and other smallitems to take up to the apartment.

Education System in Bhutan

?  ¬Ã‚ ¬ Acknowledgement Getting this research done was a team effort. Our sincere appreciation goes to Mr. Sangay Tenzin, examination controller of Bhutan council for School Examination and Assessment, for his kind support to get standardized test scores of tenth and twelfth standard; Mr. Sonam Gyeltshen working under Bhutan council for School Examination and Assessment staffed under IT Department for his tireless work in getting the scores and providing us with the same; Dr. Shivaraj Bhattarai dean of Royal Thimphu College, for his kind approval to let us go for the collection of data and also for his help in editing our approval letter; Mr.Deb Kumar Acharyya, program leader for BBA for his kind help in calling off the classes on the days of data collection; Mr. Rob Marjerison, module tutor of Research mMethodology at Royal Thimphu College for guiding us in writing research report. Content Acknowledgment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. I Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. II Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1-2 Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Design of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Analysis of Data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5-9 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Lists of tables and charts: Analysis of data Class ten scores in year wise sequence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5-6 Class twelve scores in year wise sequence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7-8 Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 ? Abstract The core reason for us to do this research is to find out whether there is an improvement in the education quality in Bhutan in last five years or not. We have done this by taking into consideration the standardized test scores of twelfth and tenth standard.Also to show the trends of marks obtained by the students in examination and make the facts available as base for further analysis. The method we adopted is analytical research method where we will be using secondary data available from the records of BCSEA. We selected randomly 50 samples each from both classes tenth and twelveth standards and found the mean to plot a graph to illustrate the facts, which will make it easier to understand the trends. The primary result that our research provides is that education quality in Bhutan has been remaining constant in last five years (2007-2011), with little bit of variation from year to year. hich more or less gives conclusion of being constant. The result of our findings plays a vital role, as this topic is mostly highly controversial and is discussed topic frequently. at all the point. We see every time that people, higher executives, politicians, college, and schools administrators and parents talking about the education quality whether it is improving or deteriorating? Therefore, this finding will help to answer one of the most debated topics in Bhutan. ? Introduction The research problem is; â€Å"Is the quality of education in Bhutan improving or deteriorating in over the last five years? tThis is the one of the most controversial topics in Bhutan and for many years has been a concern where people keep on debating, sometimes write in blogs, organize debate and write articles. Modern education was started in early 1960’s and it has been noted as foundation for success of the nation. Education has played an important role in the development of the economy and today also education is receiving an important development priority from Royal government of Bhutan along with country’s development philosophy of GNH.The main reason for us to choose this research probl em is to clear the doubt of the people in Bhutan regarding this topic, â€Å"Is the quality of education in Bhutan improving or deteriorating in the last five years? † Moreover quality of education has become a serious issue for the Bhutanese society. and at all the time. The hypothesis for our research goes, â€Å"The quality of education in Bhutan is deteriorating in last five years†.Education quality in Bhutan has been noted deteriorated in many aspects like, In olden days students were sent to school at later ages like eight or ten, where they are matured enough to learn and analyze the teachings. In present days children at the age of four or five are sent to school where they seem to be innocent and will not be able to grasp what is delivered. In past days most of the parents were illiterate and when they sent their children to school they feel that their child is doing something new and were treated with pride and dignity.Whereas in today’s scenario, most of the parents are educated and when their child make mistake they refer it as blunder and incapable. It is said that, â€Å"The product quality directly correlates with the process quality† (Wangchuk 2009). To say that how good or bad the students are depends entirely upon how well they received the education. â€Å"The ‘quality input’ in a school setting encompasses adequately trained and motivated teachers, good infrastructure, good library, conducive teaching-learning environment, reasonable working hours, adequate stationary, normal motivated students and good recreational facilities.Take away any of these attributes and the quality of education is bound to go down the drains† (Wangchuk 2009). The other factor which leads to deterioration of education is the allocation or right teacher for right subject. The various limitations associated in our research are like, our sample size is too small to represent the whole nation and post our findings as com pared to that of optimum sample size, time allocated for us to collect data was only two days and we face lots of challenges for cash management and time management. Definition of terms used: GNH -Gross National Happiness.BCSEA –Bhutan council for School Examination and assessment. ECO – Economics ENG – English DZO – Dzongkha GEO – Geography SCI – Science COMP – Computer HIST – History COM – Commerce ACC – Accounts B. Math – Business Math PHY – Physics CHE – Chemistry BIO – Biology Literature Review For getting this research done we have referred to many articles like, â€Å"is the quality of education in Bhutan deteriorating? † by Pema Lhendrup in 2011 found that education quality in Bhutan is deteriorating with the fact that wrong teachers are ask to teach wrong subjects, for example a Geography specialist is asked to teach English in many schools [2].An article, â€Å"Be happ y with a Maruti†, by Kuenga T Dorji, 2010 found that in 2006 when a foreign call centre seeking to branch into Thimphu held interviews of class XII pass-outs and concluded that the quality of written and spoken English was inadequate. They were not able to write an application correctly. He also pointed out that in schools only theory has been given more importance and students possess no skills of application of those skills [1]. What quality of education are we looking at? Article by Wangchuk, 2009 states that teachers are not happy with the pay scales and politicians have increased the package of salary.Here he says that â€Å"monetary reward is not the ‘all cure antidote’ for the perceived decline of education quality† [4]. Also the article posted by Dorjay Rhigden Peljor in 2011, â€Å"Quality of education in Bhutan† states that education is deteriorating due to the fact that in present days most of the students are sent to schools in young age where they can’t grab what is taught to them and also most of the parents these days are educated and whenever their children make mistakes they blame their children and de-motivate [3]. According to Research Paper of 2008 titled â€Å"Quality of education in Bhutan†.Says that to measure the quality of education, there need to be use of frequent feedbacks from students side [5]. ? Design of the study The research design that we have adopted is analytical research method where we will be using secondary data available from the records of BCSEA. The source of our data is from BCSEA, where we are solely depending on secondary data, and the standardized test scores of class ten and twelve. The sampling procedure is random sampling from thousands of score of different students from various schools in Bhutan.We went to BCSEA and asked for the standardized scores to make our analysis. Whereby we selected fifty samples of students each from both tenth and twelfth standards. To make our analysis we calculated mean marks of each year and compared for both class ten and twelve scores. Also we calculated combined mean of both class ten and twelve scores taking all fives into consideration. ? Analysis of data In order to analysis our data we have divide both class ten and twelve scores and found the mean marks of each as shown below: Class ten scores in year wise sequence;SL NoGenderYearMARKS MARKS IN % EngDzoEcoMathsHistory Civics & GeoSciCOMP 1F200748484240383842. 33 2F200750604642464247. 67 3F200760608883747673. 50 4F200742443825424238. 83 5F200750464440444244. 33 6M200742604642504247. 00 7M200752696486546464. 83 8M200750666060606660. 33 9M200769886964747272. 67 10M200750725254546057. 00 548. 5054. 85 11M200850545044423846. 33 12M200869526969645062. 17 13M200854696462647264. 17 14M200874789269868680. 83 15M200869527254697865. 67 16F200852645248485052. 33 17F200869648880697874. 67 18F200869666446625259. 83 19F200876749494888885. 67 0F200854606228543849. 33 641. 0064. 10 21F200954727254645061. 00 22F200969648072746069. 83 23F200950465052524449. 00 24F200960527458725461. 67 25F200954586669585059. 17 26M200952585252525253. 00 27M200962588076586065. 67 28M200938505250404646. 00 29M200954696260625059. 50 30M200952724240605854. 00 578. 8357. 88 31F201054766950664860. 50 32F201046696244484652. 50 33F201058785050484655. 00 34F201058698060606064. 50 35F2010547244283830 44. 33 36M2010447652445450 53. 33 37M2010467866545828 55. 00 38M2010507474586035 58. 50 39M2010547880646248 64. 33 40M2010426960464828 48. 3 556. 8355. 68 41F2011727276697666 71. 83 42F2011607264445238 55. 00 43F2011586252384638 49. 00 44F2011547252445440 52. 67 45F20116950605452 7459. 83 46M20116644626458 8663. 33 47M2011506950466248 54. 17 48M2011465040445044 45. 67 49M2011696474667669 69. 67 50M2011626972507458 64. 17 585. 3358. 53 ? Class twelve scores in year wise sequence; SL NoGenderYearMARKS MARKS IN % ENGDZODZO rizhungHISTGEOECOCOMACCCOMP StudiesB. MathsMathsPHYCHEBIO 1 F20076054 485050 30 48. 67 2F20072852 307446 46. 00 3F20076960 585066 44 57. 83 4F20074254 48524230 44. 7 5F20076654 5878838069. 83 6M20077262 666678 68. 80 7M20075848 466069 50 55. 17 8M20074248 46204048 40. 67 9M20077474 8366 30 65. 40 10M20075248 587846 56. 40 553. 4355. 34 11F20085866 627452 62. 40 12F20084858 405242 50 48. 33 13F20086446 785862 61. 60 14F20087666 8064646969. 83 15F20085046 545835 48. 60 16M20085060 354640 46. 20 17M20087242 7458586261. 00 18M20087258 806962 68. 20 19M20086235 586478 59. 40 20M20085446 627858 59. 60 585. 1758. 52 1F20094454 58484842 49. 00 22F2009526060546058 57. 33 23F20095050 50524420 44. 33 24F20095066 447880 28 57. 67 25F20096072 4446546056. 00 26M20094862 62835844 59. 50 27M20094454 484615 41. 40 28M20096260 948372 74. 20 29M20096662 6986907473. 50 30M20096666 66 787286 72. 33 585. 2758. 53 SL NOGENDERYEARMARKS MARKS IN % ENGDZODZO rizhungHISTGEOECOCOMACCCOM STUDIESB. MATHSMATHSPHYCHEMBIO 31F20104662 508340 56. 20 32F20105064 506274 72 62. 00 33F20107272 9286766677. 33 34F20104860 6946605055. 0 35F20105266 304220 22 38. 67 36M20106050 62645886 63. 33 37M20104254 48722046 47. 00 38M2010487260698628 60. 50 39M20104469 804025 51. 60 40M20106064 60 606960 62. 17 574. 3057. 43 41F20115266 32405255 49. 50 42F20114858 44485240 48. 33 43F20116983 52526464. 00 44F20115048 62 4042 48. 40 45F2011525562305534 48. 00 46M20114840 6460 50 52. 40 47M20114062 50586454. 80 48M20115272743276 61. 20 49M20115858 696950 62 61. 00 50M20114642 50696664 45. 50 533. 1353. 31To get the clear picture of the above tables, a graph has been drawn to make analysis simple to understand at a glance, as shown below. YearClass 10 result (x)Class 12 result (y) 200754. 8555. 34 200864. 1058. 52 200957. 8858. 53 201055. 6857. 43 201158. 5353. 31 TOTAL291. 05283. 13 MEAN58. 2156. 63 Mean of x = 58. 21 Mean of y = 56. 63 From above tables and chart what we can conclude is that the trend of scores of tenth standard is 2007 = 54. 85%, 2008 = 64. 10%, 2009 = 57 . 88%, 2010 = 55. 68%, 2011 = 58. 53%, and for twelfth standard its is 2007 = 55. 34%, 2008 = 58. 52%, 2009 = 58. 53%, 2010 = 57. 3%, 2011 = 53. 31%. There is more or less little variation in percentage of scores from year to year, so the result is education quality is in constant for last five years. Result was better in the year 2008 as compared to other years and in all the five years; scores are above 50% on overall average. ? Summary The research question on which we were doing research is, â€Å"Is the quality of education in Bhutan improving or deteriorating in the last five years? † In Bhutan this research problem is mostly a frequently discussed topic and plays a vital role in the development of nation along with the core concept of GNH.The research method that we have used is analytical research and all the analysis made is based on the facts available from the BCSEA office. We have taken the standardized test scores of twelfth and tenth standard and picked a sample size of 100, where 50 samples are from tenth standards and 50 samples from twelfth standards. With the data available what we have found is that there is more or less little variation in percentage of scores from year to year, so the result is education quality is in constant for last five years.Result was better in the year 2008 as compared to other years and in all the five years; scores are above 50% on overall average. ? Conclusion This research paper basically focused on looking at the education quality in Bhutan. According to our hypothesis, education quality was supposed to be deteriorating, but with the help of the facts available it is proved that education quality in Bhutan has been more or less remaining constant for last five years. With available facts we have drawn our conclusion of education quality being remaining constant.We only took into considerations the marks obtained by the students and we didn’t take into considerations that what factors are actually leading the education quality to remain constant for last five years, this will be left for further studies. ? Bibliography Dorji, Kunga. (2010, 6 Jan. ). Be happy with Maruti. Retrieved form www. drukpa. bt/bhutan/3/test// Lhendrup, Pema. (2011, 13 Nov. ). Is the quality education in Bhutan deteriorating?. Retrieved from Lhendrup. blogspot. com/2011/11/is-quality-of-education-in-bhutan. tml Peljor, Dorjay. (2011, 23 Jan. ). Quality of education in Bhutan. Retrieved from dorjayrhigdenpeljor. blogspot. com/2011/01/quality-of-education-in-bhutan. html Wangchuk, Dorji. (2009, 25 Oct. ). What quality of education are we looking at?. Bhutan observer. Retrieved from www. bhutanobserver. bt/what-quality-of-education-are-we-looking-at/ Sherab, Kezang. (2009 June. ). Quality of education in Bhutan. Centre of educational research and development. Retrieved from www. pce. edu. bt/cerd/quality%20of%20Education%20II. pdf