Strengths And Weaknesses Of Personality Testing - 1473 Words

Psychologists have utilized objective and projective for so many years that they are now in education courses, editorial works and even scientific articles. According to Meyer Kurtz, (2006) in personality testing objectives are â€Å"instruments in which the stimulus is an adjective, proposition, or question that is presented to a person who is required to indicate how accurately it describes his or her personality using a limited set of externally provided response options (true vs. false, yes vs. no, Likert scale, etc.)† (Meyer Kurtz, 2006, pg. 223). Further in objective the test taker will explain or clarify questions, take into account personal characteristics, construct self-evaluations in comparison to other test takers, make a decision where the characteristics match personality and then decide whether to share the information obtained from the test. Furthermore, objective can be useful in questionnaires because they are structured. Also, there has been valid points t o show that more or less objective data can be produced in personality testing. Another classification in personality testing with objective is, when the data is not objective, the test will not be categorized and will be looked at as more likely to be less positive. Projective is â€Å"instruments in which the stimulus is a task or activity that is presented to a person who is required to generate a response with minimal external guidance or constraints imposed on the nature of that response† (Meyer Kurtz,Show MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Personality Testing1387 Words   |  6 PagesPersonality testing allows psychologists to assess and describe an individual’s personality on a systematic and scientific level. Personality testing is used for the assessment of proposed theories, track personality changes, to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy, diagnose psychological issues and many more things. This essay will demonstrate how objective and projective approaches to personality testing have different results and outcomes, thereby reason why objective is the better form of personalityRead MoreSwot Analysis And Personality Type Testing894 Words   |  4 Pagesself-evaluation is the opportunity to highlight strengths and abilities, take stock of weaknesses, and evaluate how you can reach personal goals. Methodology In order to determine how my personality and abilities are related to my degree path, I began with two different types of evaluations; a personal SWOT Analysis and a personality type assessment based on Myers Briggs Personality Test methodology. Results of the SWOT analysis and personality type testing were then compared and contrasted, developingRead MorePersonality Assessment907 Words   |  4 Pagespaper in which you compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of your selected personality assessment instruments.    ï‚ ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Examine the following items for each instrument:    o  Ã‚  Ã‚   Validity o  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comprehensiveness o  Ã‚  Ã‚   Applicability o  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cultural utility    ï‚ ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cite at least two references in your paper to support your assessment. Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine a synopsis of three different common personality assessment tests. The paper discusses theRead MoreA Critique Of The New Policies On Elite Female Athletes1152 Words   |  5 Pagesfemale athletics are made to seem fair but at the same time they target only those women who look more masculine than the others and as a result intensify the â€Å"gender policies† that plagues women’s sports. Argument Outline: -policies of sex-testing are intended for women with high androgen levels (hyperandrogenism) -there is a focus on the testosterone hormone since it is presumed that women who have a high level of testosterone have an unfair advantage against other women. -women known or suspectedRead MoreThe Role Of Psychological Assessment On Counseling And Clinical Practice1675 Words   |  7 PagesQUESTION NUMBER TWO Area of knowledge: Health Psychology QUESTION NUMBER TWO Assessment Discuss the role of psychological assessment in counseling or clinical practice. What are the strengths and weaknesses inherent in formal psychological testing? Why might you choose formal psychological testing techniques and for what types of clients? What limitations should be considered: Are there different considerations for objective and subjective assessment techniques? The Role of Psychological AssessmentRead MoreThe Mtbi Test, By Katharine Cook Briggs And Her Daughter Isabel Briggs Myers1575 Words   |  7 Pagesworld and psychological preferences. In this paper the author will explain their own results from the MTBI test and go into greater detail whether or not it accurately depicts their personality. This author will not only describe their personality type but show the strengths and weakness of this particular personality. This author will also explain how employers look at the MTBI test as a valuable tool in selecting great employees. Introduction Trait theory is defined as The measurementRead MoreMultiple Choice Questions on Psychology889 Words   |  4 PagesWoodcock-Johnson d. Sixteen Personality Factors (16PF) 3. ________ testing presents specific questions or statements to which a person responds by using specific answers or a scale. ________ is an example of this type of testing. a. Objective; MMPI b. Projective; TAT c. Functional; NEO-PI-R d. Intelligence; Stanford-Binet 4. ________ testing uses ambiguous or unstructured testing stimuli to which a person responds freely to the testing stimuli. ________ is an example of this type of testing. a. Objective; MMPIRead MoreWhat Do You Think Are Your Strengths And Weaknesses?963 Words   |  4 Pagesyour strengths and weaknesses? Upon completing the personality Type Inventory by Hogan and Champagne, the results revealed the hidden aspect of my key personality traits that I wasn’t aware of. I ended up with the Introvert, Intuitive, Thinking and Judging Personality which is described as â€Å"being one of the rarest and most strategically capable personality types† (16 Personalities, 2011, para.1). The INTJ personality holders, like mine, are distinguished by various strengths such asRead MoreOrganizational Testing and Assessment Essay examples1171 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Testing and Assessment Organizational testing and assessment is done throughout companies and organizations of all kinds for the purpose of screening and selecting the best employees as part of their staff. Companies need to select tools and materials that are effective and reliable in screening employees. In addition they need to know how to properly administer and interpret the results. In the sections below, performance appraisal, behavioral observation scales, the Big Five PersonalityRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of A Team1198 Words   |  5 PagesTeam Personality Traits Personalities can vary in groups of people from different areas of the country. University of Phoenix Learning Team B reflects similar personalities in which may not be a common aspect in most team environments. The Learn team B truthfully assessed the Big Five Personality test to understand strengths and weaknesses within the team. However, each member has displayed a high regard for team goals and participation. According to each team member the results of the test would

The Role Of Independent Agencies And The White House Staff...

The modern American presidency is defined as the presidency’s transition to the center of American governance. Distinct from typically passive and isolated presidencies during the 18th and 19th centuries, the modern American presidency of the mid-20th century set the use of power and popularity as precedence. The transition to the modern presidency can be understood through the development of the presidency’s institutional, international, and perceptual identity. In this essay, I will argue that the increasing role of independent agencies and the White House staff that spearheaded executive policymaking led to a significant institutional change to the presidency. I will also argue America’s expanding international function in response to globalization placed the presidency, responsible for foreign policy, in a newly found position to exercise power. Finally, I will argue that the public perception of the presidency as a â€Å"living reality† (Reedy, p. 10) shifted it from a peripheral political entity to one at the center of policy discussion and leadership. In this essay, I will present examples of the modern presidency in the attributes of administrations from Franklin D. Roosevelt through John F. Kennedy, as well as evaluate scholarly models that contextualize how attributes of these administrations shaped the modern presidency, such as John Burke’s Institutional Presidency, Aaron Wildavsky’s Two Presidencies, and George Reedy’s American Monarchy. Ushered in as the FDRShow MoreRelatedImportance Of The Executive Branch Of Government1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe executive branch of government in the United States is the one that affects people. The executive branch allows for one person with the help of the agencies they oversee, to make rapid decisions that can help people. The executive branch is more than the President of the United States or the Governor of a state it’s the agencies and staff that help them in making informed decisions, like managing the economy. Unlike the Legislative or Judicial branch of government, the executive branch is inRead MoreThe Roles of The National Security Enterprise 1301 Words   |  5 Pagesof as the National Security Council (NSC) and the Department and Agencies they represent. However, Roger Z George and Harvey Rishikof point out in The National Security Enterprise: Navigating the Labyrinth that national security decision-making may rest with the President and the NSC but is significantly influenced by the Modern Media (including the traditional Press), lobbyist, think tanks, and the US Congress. 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The President also appoints more than 50 independent federal commissions, like the FRB (Federal Reserve Board) or the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as judges, ambassadors, and other federal offices. The Executive Office of the President consists of the staff directly linked to the President, along with the Office of Management and Budget andRead MorePresidential Cont rol over the Bureaucracy628 Words   |  3 Pagesremoval of people from a department. Shaping the direction of the administration. Giving directives to an agency of exactly what it needs to accomplish. Reorganizing federal departments. Changing discretionary spending. Using the Office of Budget Management to analyze and make suggestions on the budget that can be used by the president to provide support or to take away support from certain agencies (Harrison 416-38). While the President can nominate or directly appoint people to some positions, inRead MoreBlack And Minority Ethnic Offenders1373 Words   |  6 Pagestasked Baroness Young implement the Young review. Research started in 2013 and the final report was presented to the House of Lords in December 2014 The Young Review discusses the journey of BAME offenders through the Criminal Justice System. The review highlights why it’s essential that whilst exploring the question of how do we address offending behaviour, Criminal Justice agencies understand the difficulties Black, Asian, Minority Ethnic (BAME) offenders face in the Criminal Justice System andRead MoreHistory of Formation of the Cia2504 Words   |  11 PagesIn September of 1947 the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was realised and hatched, the eventuality of the intelligence reformation in the United States occurring after the Second World War. Less than a year before this date a Joint Congressional Investigation had come to the inevitable conclusion that the Pearl Harbour attack illustrated America’s need for a unified command structure and a more efficient centralised intelligence system. In an attempt to bring these conclusions into realisationRead MoreBranches Of Government And What They Do1341 Words   |  6 PagesSeparation of powers plays a role in the branches of government in which it helps it run smoothly, no one gets too much of power, and everyone is responsible for their job. Now I’ll start with the legislative branch. The legislative branch is the branch of government that has the power to make the laws, it is also made up of two houses, the Senate, which are made of a hundred people, two from each state, and they also they to be at least thirty years old, and House of Representatives. The senateRead MoreLevels of Government Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesIndependent regulatory commissions exercise all three powers of government one being the legislative branch. The powers of the legislative branch consist of enforcing laws passed by congress and establish policies. The legislative branch also has the power to confirm federal appointments and to impeach federal officials. A lot of times the legislative branch raises money and decides how that money is spent. Some monies are used to help government officials with their campaigns. The powers of theRead MoreThe President s National Security Policy Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthe political model of decision-making process, the US president is undoubtedly not an independent decision maker. The structure of the US political system has two major decision-making functions notably the executive and legislative. The consulting or specialist group close to the executive branch or an executive agency first recognizes the need for a particular strategic US National Security Policy. The agency or group formulates policy proposals to address the identified issue of interest to the

Philips Versus Matsushita free essay sample

How did Philips become the leading consumer electronics company in the world in the postwar era? A key success of Philips in my opinion came from a decision to build the postwar organization on the strengths of the national organizations (NOs). NOs are greatly increased self-sufficiency and became adept at responding to country-specific market conditions. What distinctive competence did they build? Philips had 14 product divisions (PDs), and NOs built their own technical capabilities and product development. This is an adaption to local market’s needs. What were its incompetencies? Philips had many technological innovations, but its ability to bring products to market was falter. Philips also have had problem in reorganizing the company to deal with its growing problems. 2. How did Matsushita succeed in displacing Philips as No. 1? A key success of Matsushita in my opinion is ability to create new products to meet local market’s needs and very quick. Matsushita also adopted the divisional structure, giving each division clearly defined profit responsibility for its products, and using â€Å"one-product-one division† system. The division was acting liked entrepreneur and financed its product development from Matsushita’s banking system liked. Any division that failed over 2 consecutive years would be fixed. If the division could not be fixed, the division team would be replaced. This management strategy gave more effective and speed to react to local market in the competitive environment. In order to manage many divisions across the world, Matsushita has expatriate Japanese managers and technicians on foreign assignment for four to eight years. A few positions that is always almost reserved for them. Those are general managers whose main role was to translate Matsushita philosophy abroad, expatriate accounting managers who provide a truth of financial health, and Japanese technical managers who transfer product and process technologies and provide headquarters with local market information. This strategy helps headquarter to maintain relationship with all satellite divisions. Matsushita moved none of key production assembly to offshore factory in order to reduce the impact of trade war and utilize lower labor cost and low shipping cost. In short, the ability to market new products of Matsushita and ‘Time-To-Market’ or speed were better than Philips. What were its distinctive competencies and incompetencies? Matsushita’s distinctive competency in my opinion was â€Å"one-product-one division† system that created self competition inside the company itself. In addition, the Japanese expatriate in key positions (i. e. general managers, accounting managers and technical managers) helped headquarter to main to relationship, control, and support to other Matsushita’s divisions around the globe. Matsushita’s incompetency was happened when Nakamura announced a program of â€Å"destruction and creation,† in which he disbanded the product division structures that KM had created as Matsushita’s basic organizational building block. Attempting to reorganize the company core structure too quick seems to bring down Matsushita. 3. What recommendations would you make to Geraid Kleisterlee? To Kunio Nakamura? In my opinion, the recommendations that I would make to Geraid Kleisterlee and Kunio Nakamura will base on balancing the method of AAA’s (Adaptation, Aggregation, and Arbitrage). It seems that the large company likes Philips and Matsushita have had issues how to reorganize the company (aggregation). The key that was driven the change came from a lower profit ability of company base on the investor’s demand. In Kunio’s case, he radical changed the core structure of Matsushita to quick. Quickly change a core strategy of big company came with unstable structure in which many people would not be able to adapt in short term and could create a catastrophic. I would recommend him to make a small and slow changes or deviations as needed in core structure. Kunio shall remain individual product divisions to maintain a focus in innovation of new products, but he shall consolidate or integrate the factories to be capable of building multi-product production. The new integrated product production can switch the assembly lines quickly from producing less profit products to high profit products, and eliminate a high cost to maintain less profit product lines in the old way. In Geraid’s case, I would recommend Philips to focus in innovation of new technologies and utilize new or existing technologies to create a value in the new product, maintain outsource of its basic manufacturing. This strategy is similar to iPhone product where Apply added style/art into a mix of MP3 player and cell phone. Apply only focus on designing the new product and allowed outsource manufacturing in China to build the product.

Shouldice Hospital Essay Example

Shouldice Hospital Essay 1. How successful is the Shouldice Hospital? Generate a PL statement using available information from the case. Treat each of the two operations—hospital and the surgery—separately. Hospital: Revenues (4 days X $111/day x 6,850 patients/year)3,041,400 Cost2,800,000 Profit: 241,400 Clinic: Revenues ((($450 + 60 + 75) X 0. 20) X 6,850 patients/year)) 3,596,250 Cost2,000,000 Profit1,596,250 Total Profit1,837,650 2. How do you account for its successful performance? The following factors account for the success of Shouldice hospital: †¢Unique and pioneering surgical technique for Hernia operation which reduced the suffering of the patients and led to rapid recovery as compared to the existing methods. The Shouldice technique enabled the patients to resume their normal routine and jobs in a much shorter period of time (one to four weeks) as compared to other hospitals (two to eight weeks). This technique resulted in 140,000 highly satisfied â€Å"Alumni†(past patients). †¢Doctors could conduct 600 operations in a year as compared to 25 to 50 operations per year in other hospitals, which was possible by the standardization of operating procedures. This standardization led to efficient utilization of the medical staff and other resources. †¢To adhere to the Shouldice technique and match the value system with that of the hospital, experienced doctors and nursing staff were recruited carefully. †¢Due to the following techniques adopted by Shouldice created a warm and welcoming environment for patients: We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer oCarpeting the hospital gave the place smell other than that of disinfectant oEncouraged interaction and recreational activities amongst patients and also with the hospital staff oMatching of roommates based on  similar background and the scheduling of their operation at the same time are examples and care exerted to create a friendly environment which led to faster recuperation oDeveloped feeling of belongingness to the hospital during the stay. †¢Unique recovering techniques that stressed upon ambulation led to minimizing the cost by cutting down on various post-operative patient care activities such as common dining areas, common recreational facilities etc. This also resulted in low nurse to patient ratio compared to other similar hospitals (0.44) †¢Offering the cheapest option for treatment of hernia in the region †¢High reliability of Hernia operation with very small recurrence rate of 0. 8 % as compared to high recurrence rates of close to 10 % as in the United States. †¢Doctors and nurses were motivated by way of higher salaries and profit sharing systems in the form of bonuses compared to other hospitals in the region and reasonable workload leading to sense of belongingness amongst the doctors and nurses leading to low attrition. †¢Encouraged group cohesiveness and fraternity type of coordination mechanism within the organization leading to greater operational efficiency. The above factors resulted in remarkable credibility for the Shouldice Hospital that position edit in the market as a hospital which ensured cost effective, reliable, caring and responsive service to the hernia patients. 3. Prepare a patient process flow diagram from arrival through surgery and determine the capacities at each stage. For this diagram, only indicate major points in the process, e.g. , admitting, examination, operating room surgeries, etc. Use the actual hours of operation for each step in the process to determine the capacity of each step. Where is the bottleneck? Bottleneck in the Design Flow: †¢Shouldice has the capacity to perform 42 examinations per afternoon and send 38 eligible patients to the operation rooms. †¢It only performs 33 operations per day, so the bottleneck between these 2 processes is the number of operations being performed per day. †¢Shouldice performs 33 operations per day, which generate daily bed demand of 116 on Wednesday and Thursday, and 99 on Tuesday, all exceeding the current bedding capacity of 89. So between these 2 processes, the number of available beds is the bottleneck. †¢Overall, the bottleneck for Shouldice is the number of available beds. †¢The hospital has to increase its bed capacity by 30% [(116-89)/(89)] to simply meet its current operation schedule. 4. Do a detailed analysis of potential on-site capacity expansion alternatives (on a per week basis). Assume an average of 3. 5 days stay at the hospital for each patient, including surgery, and Sunday admits. This means that half the patients spend three days while the other half spend four days. Alternatives to be considered: An assumption must be made, due to limited information in the case, that the expansion alternatives being considered are to meet an unmet market demand and is not driven by addition profit or other reasons. 1. Add an additional day by operating on Saturday †¢Use 89 + 14 rooms (3. 5 average stay). †¢Total number of patents per week = 180 †¢137 current throughput/148 theoretical = x / 180 theoretical †¢New throughput = 180 x (137/148)= 167 patients / week †¢Additional patients per year = (167-137) x 50= 1,450 †¢Additional revenue for the clinic = 1450 x (450+0. 20 x 75) = $674,250 – Cost $124,250 †¢Net increase in profit: 550,000 for no additional investment †¢Disadvantages †¢Require to schedule 23-25 operations on Saturday †¢Six surgeons and a supervising surgeon have to work on Saturdays †¢Additional other personnel. †¢Violates the implied contract that Shouldice has with its surgeons, strong opposition by the senior doctors †¢Operating close the theoretical capacity of the facility †¢Advantages †¢No investment is needed †¢Can still maintain quality 2. Increase additional beds by 50% by adding a new floor †¢Total Number of Rooms: 89 +45= 134 †¢Total number of patents per week = 193 †¢137 current throughput/148 theoretical = x / 193 theoretical †¢New throughput = 193 x (137/148)= 179 patients / week †¢Additional patients per year= (179-137) x 50 = 2,100. †¢Additional revenue for the clinic = 2100 x (450+0.20 x 75) = $976,500 – Cost $176,500 †¢Return on investment = 800,000/2,000,000=40% †¢Disadvantages †¢Require to schedule doctors to the full capacity of five days per week †¢Increase work load on admissions, kitchen, laundry, housekeeping and accounting †¢Further staggering of meal hours for patients (100 seat dinning room) †¢Disruption during construction †¢Advantages †¢Easy to control and maintain quality †¢Retain the culture and environment 3. They can meet the unmet market demand with external capacity by opening a new facility in US or Canada †¢Advantages. †¢New location close to the customers, i. e. USA or Canada †¢Improve its competitive position and increase its profits †¢Operate in a less restrictive environment †¢New opportunities for existing personnel †¢Transfer of knowledge and expertise to the new facilities †¢Disadvantages †¢Requires a significant investment and Dr. Shoudice’s time †¢Challenging to monitor the quality of service provided †¢It is difficult to replicate the same culture and atmosphere that is so successful in the parent facility †¢Potential competition with the existing facility. Shouldice Hospital Essay Example Shouldice Hospital Essay Q1: How does shouldice compete? In other words why do patients come to shouldice hospital? Two main reasons drive customers into choosing Shouldice over other competitors/hospitals. The first is quality, and the other is cost. talking about quality of the Shouldice â€Å"product† includes both, quality of the operation, and quality of post operation activities and overall services offered by Shouldice. The Shouldice method is a focused, specified operation that deals with Hernias, with a reputation that has been built throughout the years and is still growing; the hospital doesn’t even use advertisement to attract patients, the â€Å"word of mouth† way of advertisement has been doing very well for them so far. The superior quality offered by the Shouldice method, gives the patients a motive to operate at Shouldice for what it gives regarding peace of mind, low risk and low recurrence rates. Away from the in-operation excellence in quality, the services that Shouldice hospital offers are more tempting than other hospitals. Patients do not feel that they are in a hospital; they consider it more like a recovery vacation with an excused absence from work without feeling any guilt in that. We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Moreover, it gives patients the independence and sense of control and preserves patients’ dignity when it comes to the fast recovery after the operation, and when it comes to the fast ambulation process after the operation, where a patient rises up and walks by himself (definitely under supervised assistance by nurses), and makes him feel in control of his motion and in control of the sedative applied on him which has no effect other than ignoring the pain of the 45 minutes procedure. The financial part of this comparison holds the other big part in the decision taken by a patient to go to Shouldice. Taking into consideration the lower cost of the operation is an enough reason to pick Shouldice, yet, another important notice would be the positive opportunity cost in terms of cutting the losses or absence from work by almost a week. 9 days are sufficient for a patient at Shouldice to go through the operation and the post operation recovery, while it takes about 15 days in other hospitals. Moreover, the dollar amount saved between going to shouldice and going to another hospital is about 1000. And has Dr. Shouldice says, even if a patient buys a round ticket from the US to Toronto, the cost of the operation stays lower. Overall, a patient choosing Shouldice would be going for a cheaper, higher quality service of operations, both of which are the optimum that a patient can choose, and therefore cause him to pick Shouldice over other hospitals. Finally, as a conclusion, if we want to look at it from a Value creation perspective, their advantages can be separated into the 4 parts: 1- Cost: the cost advantages listed above 2- Quality: separated into 2 parts: a. Quality of design: made available by the services offered to the patients (welcoming his family, a high quality lunch) b. Quality of performance: made available by the specialization of the doctors in using the Shouldice method (seargons have an average of 600 operations/year and the rate of recurrence equal to 0. 8%. ) 3- Delivery: the established process enables the Hospital to offer a high admission process along with a high speed recovery (as mentioned earlier). 4- Flexibility: the fact that the secretaries are trained for multitasking Q2: Identify characteristics of Shouldice’s operations that you think have contributed to its success. The elements that contribute to Shouldice’s success can be branched into administrative, structural, and operational factors. The policy that the administration of Shouldice applies stresses on the core competence of Shouldice’s operations which is taking good care of the patient during post operational recovery and insists on personal contribution of the patient during this phase. The management at shouldice does its best to keep the patient as comfortable as possible by applying the main concepts that shouldice is built upon. Moreover, the structure of shouldice acts as a major factor in its success. Starting from the building and room equipment that lack TVs and phones, encouraging patients to get up and walk in order to mix with people and profit from the social experience offered by this program and expedite their post operation recovery. In addition to that, carpets all over the place, comfortable stairways, and easy movement between operation rooms for doctors to help each other, all act as important roles that the structure and design of shouldice depends on to contribute to its success. Not to ignore the fact that shouldice’s location is very important since it is based near the airport of a huge city with a large population and encourages international patients coming from outside the country to operate there. Moving to the operational factors that contribute the most to the success, we can find that shouldice is focusing on a narrow segment of the market(patients), with specialized surgeons who are recruited specifically to this kind of job, with characteristics like tolerance to repetition and being family oriented. In addition to allowing surgeons to observe and advice one another, which creates some peer pressure that leads into a huge quality control driven by the need of each surgeon to give his best and excel when compared to others. This huge experience acquired by the surgeons after repeating the same procedure a couple of times during the same day all through the year, attracts a lot of demand which is being treated by a frequent increase in the supply by increasing the capacity of the hospital. Another way to look at the structure from another perspective, we notice that the Shouldice’s hospital has an effective process layout (operations and laboratory at bottom level, pre-operations and examination rooms at the 1st floor, on the 2nd floor, the administration offices, and on the 3rd, the additional hostel rooms for extra capacity in case of emergency) Moreover, the systematic approach starting with the first step (admission of the patient) after being screened and given all information to study his case separately, till releasing the patient to go home, makes it more easier to apply in real time, rather than treating each patient as a case by his own. This way, estimating the operation and service time will be much easier and leads into a better control over the number of patients admitted at the same time. Another important factor of success is sharing of expensive services like the anesthetists, in addition to other factors like the high salaries given to surgeons, free annual checkups and reunions and of course having the famous high quality low cost reputation, act as reasons for the success of Shouldice. Q3: Which resource of Shouldice is the bottleneck? First, let us examin the pre-opration process. I- the Examination process: 6 rooms, working hours: from 1 to 4 pm (assuming the last patient arrived at 3pm and waits 20min for his turn to come, knowing that other have been waiting before him. ) the examination goes on for 20min. they only work 5 days a week. the formula is: (6 rooms x 3 hrs x 5 days x 60 min/hr) / (20 min / exam) = 270 patients/week II- accounting procedure: 2 people work in this department. They work from the start of the process (1o’clock) until the last patient goes out of the examination. They work 5 days a week, and their procedure takes 10min per patient. The formula is: (2 people x 4 hrs x 5 days/week x 60 min/hr) / (10min/patient) = 240patients/week III- Operating Procedure: 5 operating rooms. They are opened at 1st operation: 7h30. The surgeon’s day ends at 4pm. He’s on duty for 8. 5hours. he needs 1h to perform a normal operation. 5 days a week. †¢ (5 rooms x 8. 5 hrs/room/day x 1 hrs/patient x 5 days/week)/ = 212. 5 patients /week †¢ Surgeons: 12 surgeons work at the hospital. We assumed, on average, they perform 4 operations per day (depending on the type of the operation and thus its length) †¢ 12 surgeons x 4 operations /day x 5 days = 240 patients/week. †¢ Hospital beds: †¢ 89 beds = 178 patients per week (assuming use of weekends for convalescence and 3.5 days average stay, meaning there are 2 patients per bed per week) BOTTLENECK is the Hospitals beds By agreeing with O’dell, the most appropriate solution would be to increase the bed capacity by 50% and reach 133 beds hence, reaching a capacity of 266 patients per week. The next bottleneck would be the number of operating rooms with its 212 patients per week. This means that next step would be to increase the operating rooms and/or increase the working hours of the surgeons (forcing them to work on Saturdays). But some further cost estimations have to be made. This increase of working hours might also lead to a decrease in the quality of operations.