Is the Teleological Argument strong Essays

Is the Teleological Argument strong Essays Is the Teleological Argument strong Paper Is the Teleological Argument strong Paper The Teleological Argument is an a posterior inductive argument which was put forward in many forms by ancient philosophers such as Plato and Cicero to the more modern philosophers and theologians such as Aquinas and Paley. It is an argument to prove the existence of God. The name of the argument comes from Greek telos which means purpose or aim. Aquinass argument which was in his Summa may be summed up in this way: 1. All designed things have a designer 2. The Universe is designed 3. Therefore it has a designer, this designer is God This argument, as seen from point one and three, is begging the question (in other words, it is a circular argument). This makes it weak because it has already asserted one of its premises in the conclusion. It as though he is saying that its true because it is true. This isnt sufficient enough for a sound argument. Also, Aquinas doesnt provide any justification for the second point. These points make it look like its a very weak argument. However points can be given for the universe being designed, such as the seasons and death. This point however can be combated by saying that the universe, may indeed, have some features of a design but there are many which show that it doesnt have design, for instance the fact some women have ectopic pregnancies. The fact that it is a inductive argument means that it is not necessarily true, it is contingent (may not be true) and is not as strong as something that is necessarily true. However, deductive arguments never tell us anything new about the world, which unlike inductive arguments which although may not be necessarily true, do tell us something new. However, the question (about the strength of the argument), should not be subject to our preference of knowing more about the world. So, the fact that it is not necessarily true does weaken the argument. The argument is also a posterior, this gives room for Scepticism (which doubts the external world) to weaken the argument. Scepticism says that we can never have knowledge of the external world which means the order or purpose we see in the world can also be doubted. As Descartes put it, the only thing that is infallible was your own mind (this clearly illustrated when he said I think therefore I am). How do we know that order, purpose and beauty in the world isnt the working of an Evil Demon? David Hume, the British Empiricist, raised objections to the teleological argument which was put forward by Paley however his objections can be used against Aquinass argument too. Humes first objection was that we can not assess whether a universe was designed because we have no experience of universe being designed or built. When you stumble upon a house you know whether it is good or not through experience of other houses, you can not say this about the universe because it is unique. Therefore, how can we determine it is a well designed universe? Hume second objection is that is a farce to liken the universe to something mechanic because the universe Hume then goes on to say that When we infer any particular cause from an effect, we must proportion the one to the other, and can never be allowed to ascribe to the cause any qualities, but what are exactly sufficient to produce the effect. This means that just because it may prove a designer, doesnt mean that we can label the designer with such titles such as omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenevolent. The question now is, are Humes objections valid? The first objection is saying that we can not know something if we had not experienced it and it is unique, however, we have not seen the human race being created and it is unique yet we have many anthropologists and more importantly we are actually finding more and more about universe through the studies done by cosmologists. His second objection, which was combated by Swinburne, can not possibly be true because the order the universe has In conclusion, the Teleological Argument is strong because the first two objections that were put forward by Hume have been combated by Swinburne and do not hold up. However, Humes third objection still holds, this makes the argument weaker because it shows that the argument does not fulfil its purpose (to show Gods existence the definition being of a Judeo-Christian God). The objection that it is an inductive, argument does not hold because although it makes it less likely to be true, that does not mean that is not true. Also, the fact that it is a posterior, may mean that scepticism can doubt it but the common sense approach (put forward by Wittgenstein) says that we should not be affected by such things. Wittgenstein says Here is one hand, and here is another and that is proof enough.

The Chinese Culture essays

The Chinese Culture essays China, also known as the Peoples Republic of China (Zhong hua Ren Min Gong He Guo), is the worlds largest country by population. China contains more than 1/5 of the worlds population. China has 1.3 billion people with a landmass only about the same size as the United States. Now one of the worlds stronger countries, the Chinese culture has steadily grown while adapting to mankinds new cultural developments. Chinas current rate of development is a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate of 8% and an industrial growth rate of 12.6%. The Chinese government anticipates an increased growth rate over the next four years because of its selection by the Olympic Committee to host the 2008 Summer Olympics. Chinese characteristics are similar to other eastern Asians. Usually born with black hair, Chinese hair color will rarely vary by more than lightening to a dark brown. Their skin is light brown; however, other people often consider the skin color as yellow. The average height of a Chinese is relatively short compared to the average Caucasian. Hairstyles can vary, and like many developed countries, people change and cut their hair according to what looks good. Often in the 1990's, students who attended local schools chose to cut their hair into a buzz cut, short spiky hair. Jewelry is also very common. Chinese people wear jewelry on their ears and necklaces according to preference. Chinese often wear jewelry as a sign of wealth; however, many people living in China do not make enough money to buy jewelry. Traditional clothing is one of the main aspects of the Chinese culture. The most famous traditional fashion in China, the cheongsam, which also means, long dress has been adopted by foreigners. Chinese prefer to call their long dress a qipao. The qipao has a high neck, closed collar, and buttons on the right side. The qipao is famous because it is simple, charming, and neat. Chinese ...

World Regional Georgraphy Unit 6 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

World Regional Georgraphy Unit 6 - Research Paper Example When the British colonizers came in 1795, the laws became more powerful thus, further racial segregation. During this time, Africans were separated from the white settlers and were forced to live in different areas that were later referred to as reserves. Land Act of 1913 facilitated this separation further (Beinart & Dubow, 1995). The economic woes brought about by the World War II increased the racial segregation in South Africa. When National Party gained power in 1948, the new government enacted the apartheid law that ensured that the white race dominated. This law also ensured that the white lived in different areas from the Africans. South Africans were also divided along the tribal lines and their powers decreased. The Population Registration Act was enacted in 1950 and it required all South African races to be classified as black (Africans), whites or colored. Those who failed to adhere to this law were punished harshly. The Department of Home Affairs was responsible for this act. Another core of the apartheid policy was the Group Areas Act which was formed in 1950. This act marked the areas of land based on the race that occupy the areas. The other laws that placed more restrictions on the black South Africans were the Natives Urban Areas Act and the Natives Labor Act from in 1952 and 1953 respectively (Berridge, 1992). Some political parties were against this apartheid policy and they formed a movement to resist the policy. These parties included ANC (African National Congress) of 1912 and PAC (Pan Africanist Congress) of 1958. These two movements managed to ban the South African government through violent campaigns (Berridge, 1992). SASO (South African Students Association) which was formed in 1960 also joined the other parties in resisting the policy. Apartheid policy ended in 1994 when all adults were allowed to vote during that election. The late Nelson Mandela was voted as the

The Localization of Management in China The Implications and Essay

The Localization of Management in China The Implications and Considerations for Foreign Companies - Essay Example Finding - The book provides very sound advice on understanding the operational strategy of China's economy. There is no economy in the world as important and yet as poorly understood as China's. In his penetrating book, Sull helps us understand what really happens in some of China's most important companies. The book is packed with startling stories and much strategic advice for entrepreneurs who can seize the opportunity and manage the risk in the dynamic Chinese market. Finding - This is an intriguing study which addresses the key factors which motivate the local Chinese to open the doors of their land to do business with foreign company. The emphasis is on business lessons which foreign company needs to learn to assimilate into the local culture. The dragon is the Chinese market. Subject - The book is designed to help westerners who intend to conduct business in China. The information contained in the book can also be very helpful if you are visiting China for business or pleasure and even if you desire simply to get greater insight into Chinese worldview and not only the appropriate way to act in different situations, but also some historical and social background which is the inherent part of Chinese business culture. Finding - Thomas G. ... The information contained in the book can also be very helpful if you are visiting China for business or pleasure and even if you desire simply to get greater insight into Chinese worldview and not only the appropriate way to act in different situations, but also some historical and social background which is the inherent part of Chinese business culture. 6. Author-Thomas Geoffrey Moore Title- China in the World Market: Chinese Industry and International Sources of Reform in the Post-Mao Era. Subject- Analysis of China's position in the World market with emphasis on the reform in post-Moa Era. Finding - Thomas G. Moore examines the role of the outside world as a source of change in post-Mao China. Based on extensive documentary and interview material, the book adds the Chinese case to a long tradition of country-based studies by political economists, historians, and area specialists that have chronicled the experiences of developing countries as they enter specific industrial markets in the world economy. This book will be timely and provocative reading for anyone concerned with the nature of China's deepening participation in the world economy and its consequences for the country's development prospects, internal reforms, and foreign policy. 7. Author - Michael Porter Title - Porter on Competition Subject - Strategy formulation in coping with competition Finding - In this book Porter carefully organizes the material within three Parts: First, he focuses on competition and strategy for companies at both the level of a single industry and then for multinational or diversified companies; next, he addresses the role of location in competition; and then he Part III, he addresses some important

The relationship between the socio-economic characteristics Essay Example for Free

The relationship between the socio-economic characteristics Essay The aim of the fieldwork is to analyse the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the resident population and the quality of the residential environment within different parts of Durham City. The quality of the residential environment will be closely related to socio-economic factors and that the higher status areas will lie towards the edge of the urban area, meaning that the further out from the CBD I go the quality of the residential areas will improve. Looking at the layout of the areas I believe that I could base the area Robsons model. Robson based his model on Sunderland so the River Wear had to be taken into account, this river also runs through Durham but his model showed that as you went further from the centre that the class of living increased. Robson found that a mixture of concentric circles and sectors that identified the urban zones formed the framework to Sunderland. One thing to note is that a great dominance of areas of low and medium class housing were found more centrally than that of the higher class of living found on the outskirts. In each ward each group will survey a single street, they will walk the length of each street and record the quality of the residential environment by scoring each street according to the penalty points system.

Douglas M. Mcgregor: Theory X and Theory Y :: Business

Mr. McGregor theorizes that management views an employee’s motivation toward work in two distinct ways—Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X managers believe the following: (1) The average worker naturally does not like work and will avoid it whenever possible. (2) Managers must always control, motivate, and direct their employees to perform well. (3) Most workers prefer being directed, avoid responsibility, and seek job security. On the other hand, Theory Y managers assume the following: (1) Employees enjoy working. (2) Managers do not need to control and punish workers to accomplish organizational goals. (3) Workers will be committed to an organization if their work is satisfying. (4) Managers should “…arrange organizational conditions and methods of operation so that people can achieve their own goals best by directing their own efforts toward organizational objectives'; (Kolb, et al., 1995, p. 62).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theory McGregor believes will best stimulate employee motivation toward accomplishing organizational goals is Theory Y. The goal of Theory Y is to provide employees ways to attain the higher levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (esteem (ego) and self-actualization (-fulfillment)) so that the establishment may prosper. McGregor thinks that most organizations today already fulfill the lower needs of employees (physiological, safety, and love (social)) and therefore should concentrate on the higher needs of individuals. Therefore, McGregor says that management should try to develop a relationship based on two-way trust between management and employees.

Hunger Games Essay

Mark Twain once remarked, â€Å"A classic is a book that people praise, but don’t read.† (Cowan 13). Everyone wants to say that they’ve read Shakespeare, but few people would actually choose to read it for fun. Shakespeare though is still considered a classic author. Why? The story of Romeo and Juliet has been produced and remade countless times since it was first written. The timeless love story has the â€Å"power to quicken your imagination to rouse your mind or to strike your feeling† (Pooley 76). This is what classic literature does. This â€Å"power† is what gains literature lasting recognition and the status of a â€Å"classic† When determining if a book should be considered a classic, there are several things to consider. One must take into consideration the genre of the book, the author’s career, and the qualities of the book itself. After reading the book and examining these factors, it becomes clear that certain works of literature stand out above the rest. by , for example, be considered a classic. The Hunger Games is an Adventure book. Twenty-four are forced to enter. Only the winner survives. In the ruins of a place once known as North America lies the nation of Panem, a shining Capitol surrounded by twelve outlying districts. Each year, the districts are forced by the Capitol to send one boy and one girl between the ages of twelve and eighteen to participate in the Hunger Games, a brutal and terrifying fight to the death – televised for all of Panem to see. Survival is second nature for sixteen-year-old Katniss Everdeen, who struggles to feed her mother and younger sister by secretly hunting and gathering beyond the fences of District 12. When Katniss steps in to take the place of her sister in the Hunger Games, she knows it may be her death sentence. If she is to survive, she must weigh survival against humanity and life against love. Bio of Suzanne Collins Suzanne Collins is the author of the bestselling Underland Chronicles, which started with Gregor the Overlander. In The Hunger Games, she continues to explore the effects of war and violence on those coming of age. Suzanne lives with her family in Connecticut. Bestselling author Suzanne Collins first made her mark in children’s literature with the New York Times bestselling under land Chronicles series for middle grade readers. Her debut for readers aged 12 and up, The Hunger Games-September 2008, immediately became a New York Times bestseller, appealing to both teen readers and adults. It was called â€Å"addictive† by Stephen King in Entertainment Weekly and â€Å"amazing by Stephanie Meyer on her website, and was named a New York Times Notable Book of 2008 and a New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice. Catching Fire -September 2009, the second book in The Hunger Games trilogy, debuted at #1 on the USA Today bestseller list and simultaneously appeared at #1 on the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and Publishers Weekly bestseller lists. It was named a Time Magazine Top Ten Fiction Book of 2009, a New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice, and a People Magazine (Top 10) Best Book of 2009. The final book in the trilogy, Mocking Jay -August 2010, debuted at No. 1 on all national bestseller lists during its first week on sale. In a starred review, Publishers Weekly said it â€Å"accomplishes a rare feat, the last installment being the best yet, a beautifully orchestrated and intelligent novel that succeeds on every level.† In April 2010, Suzanne Collins was named to the TIME 100 list of â€Å"the world’s most influential people.† The Hunger Games movie opens on March 23, 2012. Produced by Lionsgate Films and directed by Gary Ross, the movie stars Jennifer Lawrence (Katniss), Josh Hutchison (Peeta), and Liam Hemsworth (Gale). Suzanne Collins has also had a successful and prolific career writing for children’s television. She has worked on the staffs of several Nickelodeon shows, including the Emmy-nominated hit Clarissa Explains It All and The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo. She received a Writers Guild of America nomination in animation for co-writing the critically acclaimed Christmas special, Santa, Baby! (http://www.scholastic.com) This paper compares and contrasts the themes, ideas, and genres of Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† and the film adaptation of Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games. The former is a short story satire while the latter is a roving epic with heroes and heroines. Both, however, look at the darker side of human nature in different ways. The Hunger Games has a dynamic heroine named Katniss, while The Lottery has no real hero or heroine. Katniss in The Hunger Games represents the kind of Christian heroic ethic of self-sacrifice that, in fact, is missing from The Lottery Katniss saves her sister by volunteering herself in her sister s place. It is an enormous act of courage and charity on her part. Such action is completely missing from Jackson s satire and for good reason. Jackson has not written a story that commends man s good deeds but rather indicts society for its hypocritical practices.

Application Letter

October 2012 Hon. Shirlita Y. Chong Municipal Mayor Liloan, Southern Leyte Dear Madam: I would like to apply as Enumerator in the update survey of the 2009 result of the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS – PR) by next year 2013. I’m Arlene Salada, married a resident of Brgy. Ilag, Liloan Southern Leyte and a Bachelor of Elementary Education graduated at Tomas Oppus Normal College Tomas Oppus Southern Leyte. I work as BHW (Barangay Health Worker) for 5 years last 2002 up to 2007 at Brgy. Ilag , Liloan So. Leyte.I was also a Community Profiler Volunteer of Plan Philippines. I’m hardworking and willing to be part of the NHTS-PR enumerators. Thank You. More Power. ARLENE B. SALADA Applicant List of Secretaries of Education (*) Acting Capacity #| Name| Term Began| Term Ended| President| Secretary of Public Instruction| 1| Sergio Osmena| 1935| 1940| Manuel Quezon| | 2| Jorge Bocobo| 1940| 1941| | | Secretary of Public Instruction, Health, and Public Welfare| (1)| Sergio Osmena| 1941| 1944| Manuel Quezon| | Minister of Public Instruction| *| Jorge Bocobo| 1943| 1945| Jose Laurel| |Secretary of Information and Public Relations| 3| Carlos P. Romulo| 1944| 1945| Sergio Osmena| | Secretary of Public Instruction and Information| 4| Francisco Benitez| 1945| 1945| Sergio Osmena| | Secretary of Education| | Francisco Benitez| 1945| 1946| Sergio Osmena| | Secretary of Instruction| 5| Manuel Gallego| 1946| 1948| Manuel Roxas| | Secretary of Education| 6| Prudencio Langcauon| 1948| 1953| Elpidio Quirino| | Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports| 7| Lourdes Quisumbing| February 1986| December 1989| Corazon Aquino| | 8| Isidro Carino| January 1990| June 1992| | | | Armand Fabella| July 1992| July 1994| Fidel Ramos| | 10| Ricardo Gloria| August 1994| December 1997| | | 11| Erlinda Pefianco| January 1998| June 1998| | | 12| Bro. Andrew Gonzalez, FSC, Ph,D| Hulyo 1998| January 2001| Joseph Estrada| | Secretary of Education| 13| R aul Roco| February 2001| August 2002| Gloria Macapagal Arroyo| | 14| Edilberto de Jesus| September 2002| July 2004| | | 15| Florencio Abad| July 2004| July 2005| | | *| Ramon Bacani| July 2005| September 2005| | | *| Fe Hidalgo| September 2005| July 2006| | | 6| Jesli Lapus| July 2006| March 2010| | | 17| Mona Valisno| March 2010| June 30, 2010| | | 18| Bro. Armin Luistro, FSC| June 30, 2010| Incumbent| Benigno S. Aquino III| | Secretary of Education (Philippines) Secretary of Public Instruction SERGIO OSMENA JORGE BOCOBO 1935-1940 1940-1941 Secretary of Information and Public Relations Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports Dr. Lourdes R. Quisumbing – February 1986 December 1989 CARLOS P. ROMULO 1944 – 1945Secretary of Public Instruction and InformationSecretary of Education, Culture and Sports 4 Francisco Benitez 1945 1945 Sergio Osmena Secretary of Education Francisco Benitez 1945 1946 Secretary of Instruction 5 Manuel Gallego 1946 1948 Secretary of Education 6 Prudencio Langcauon 1948 1953 Isidro Carino January 1990 June 1992 Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports Armand Fabella July 1992 July 1994 Secretary of Education, Culture and SportsSecretary of Education, Culture and Sports Erlinda Pefianco Bro. Andrew Gonzalez, FSC, Ph,D Hulyo 1998 January 2001 Joseph EstradaJanuary 1998 June 1998 Secretary of Education Secretary of Education Edilberto de Jesus Ramon Bacani September 2002 – July 2004 July2005-Sept. 2005 Fe Hidalgo September 2005-July2006 Raul Roco February 2001 August 2002 Jose Abad Jesli Lapus Mona Valisno Luis Fermin July 2004-July 2005 July 2006- March 2010 March 2010-June 2010 June 30 2010 –

Critically evaluate the significance of Human Essays

Critically evaluate the significance of Human Essays Critically evaluate the significance of Human Essay Critically evaluate the significance of Human Essay Critically measure the significance of Human Rights Act challenges to societal security jurisprudence in the UK. Introduction Since the execution of the European Convention on Human Rights 1950 ( ECHR ) in domestic jurisprudence in the signifier of the Human Rights Act 1998 ( HRA 1998 ) , the jurisprudence of societal security amongst other legal subjects has been capable to legal reform and a figure of test cases’ in recent times. Human rights vis-a-vis societal security is one major facet impacting and act uponing judicial activism. This essay endeavours to look into the challenges that the HRA 1998 has posed on domestic societal security. My reading will analyze the most important facetsapropossocietal security commissariats and the challenges that they face in visible radiation of pluralist human rights jurisprudence and will cross-examine academic positions and texts. The Challenges faced by the HRA 1998 Domestic statute law therefore far has consisted of the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992, Social Security Administration Act 1992 and the Social Security Act 1998. Since the acceptance of the HRA 1998, the ECHR has to be incorporated into domestic statute law in so far as possible to make so. [ 1 ] Whilst, the statute law in topographic point is reasonably commensurate, it does non supply an equal model of security jurisprudence. Alternatively, societal security jurisprudence is frequently contained in particular ordinances as opposed to Acts of Parliament. [ 2 ] McColgan [ 3 ] high spots the importance of EC jurisprudence, in peculiar the far-reaching effects of Council Directive 79/7 which propounds the execution of equal intervention in societal security services associating to sickness, invalidness, old age, accident and unemployment. [ 4 ] Despite this directing holding direct consequence in member provinces, the United Kingdom appears to hold lagged behind in its execution. In the landmark trial instance ofWillis v. United Kingdom[ 5 ] , a hubby who nursed his deceasing married woman had applied upon her decease for entitlement of societal security to the same degree a widow would hold earned from the decease of her hubby under similar fortunes. The applicant relied on Article 14 and Article 8 of the ECHR on the evidences of sexual favoritism and misdemeanors under the HRA 1998. Whilst the applier was awarded ?25,000 in monetary amendss, the tribunal had found that he had yet suffered any favoritism. The favoritism was, nevertheless an subjective affair that the applier was likely to endure. Consequently, the ECJ gave the United Kingdom a caution vis-a-vis its failure to implement satisfactory non-discriminatory steps. In the earlier instance ofHobbs v. United Kingdom[ 6 ] , where the applier challenged a determination declining him a Widow s Bereavement Allowance ( available under subdivision 262 of theIncome and Corporation Taxes Act 1988) , the Government argued that the applier had failed to wash up domestic redresss, by neglecting,inter alia, to convey judicial reappraisal proceedings. The statement was non substantiated in the tribunal followingWilkinson v. Commissioners of the Inland Revenue[ 7 ] in which MJ Moses found the determination to be incompatible with the HRA 1998 and later granted a declaration of mutual exclusiveness before leting the instance to predispose the applier to continue in the European Courts. In regard to the disagreements of the retirement age being dependent on the sex, the male applier inWalker V United Kingdom[ 8 ] sought to dispute his right to be able to retire at the same age as adult females. Currently under the Pensions Act 1995, males are entitled to pension at the age of 65 whilst adult females are entitled at the earlier age of 60. Although the ECJ considered the damages faced by Mr. Walker, they acknowledged that the authorities had adopted progressive steps which would rise the age of retirement for adult females to the same age as work forces by 2010. [ 9 ] On a separate note, observers such as Gask [ 10 ] disseminate the position that if Walker was able to supplant national process, much to the likesHobbs, so certainly the HRA 1998 hour angle s failed to convey the ECHR into full domestic process itself. Arguably, Walker would non hold had to dispute the favoritism in the first topographic point had the HRA 1998 incorporated Council Directive 79/7 and made specific allotment for equal pension attainment for males and females. Similarly, the recent House of Lords instance ofR. ( On the application of Carson ) v. Secretary of State for Work and Pensions[ 11 ] where their Lordships questioned the cogency of a British pensionary being restricted from having her full pension because she was occupant in South Africa. Notwithstanding the fact that Ms. Carson had made full pension parts, she was denied an addition in proportion to additions in the cost of life. The tribunal had held that her differential intervention has non infringed Article 14 of the ECHR since her being occupant in South Africa could non be aligned with life cost additions in the United Kingdom. [ 12 ] R as opposed to Carson, in the interim challenged her rights was a individual individual under the age of 25 who was made redundant. She argued that the payment of jobseeker s allowance and income support at lower rates than were paid to a individual aged 25 violated her rights under Humanistic disciplines 14 and 1 of the First Protocol ECHR. De spite her challenge, the tribunal held that that payment at different rates depending on age was rationally justifiable since individuals under 25 as a group could be regarded as holding lower net incomes and lower life costs. III.Decision In analyzing these opinions, it would look that the tribunals have taken a austere stance on restricting the range that human rights jurisprudence can widen societal security steps. The construct of rationality’ and proportionality’ are impressions that are discussed in all of the instances above. Possibly, they are positive steps to forestall human rights jurisprudence taking a clasp over facets of societal security commissariats whilst besides paying respect for the importance of upholding cardinal civil autonomies. It is my position that the Courts have reached a satisfactory attack in its latest instances. Having said this, it is extremely likely that other countries of societal security jurisprudence are likely to be challenged in the hereafter. 999w Bibliography Case Commentary , P.L. 2005, Win, 863-864 Employment and Discrimination , E.H.R.L.R. 2004, 4, 452-454 Independent Review Sevice,The Human Rights Act 1998, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.irs-review.org.uk/infocent/commad/hright/hrights.htm. McColgan,Discrimination Law,( 2000 ) , p.247 Your Rights, yourrights.org.uk 1

The Wuthering Heights Review

The 'Wuthering Heights' Review When Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights was first published in 1847, under the name of Ellis Bell, it received mixed reviews. Although some critics saw the potential evident in the cyclical plot and other literary devices, many others were shocked and dismayed by the unashamedly dark storyline. Different for the Era To be sure, Wuthering Heights was a very different book than what was generally considered acceptable during that era. In direct contrast to Emily Brontes novel, Susannah Rowsons Charlotte Temple (1828) tells the story of a young lady who permits her beau to steal her away in the middle of the night. Predictably, he impregnates her and then abandons her, after which she dies of a broken heart. As was common in novels of the era, Charlotte Temple used a fictional story to instruct its readers―primarily young ladies―in what was expected of them. Flawed Characters In Wuthering Heights, one of the main female characters dies of what could also be considered a broken heart, but the effect is a very different one from that of Charlotte Temple. Instead of presenting an overly sentimental worst-case scenario meant to frighten its readers onto the straight-and-narrow, Wuthering Heights seduces its readers with its dark passion and misguided characters. Both Heathcliff and Catherine are flawed characters, but their flaws intrigue the reader just as surely as they repel. If there is any lesson to be learned after Catherines death, it is the folly of denying your hearts greatest passion―a mistake completely at odds with the cause of Charlotte Temples downfall. Controversy Obscurity Due to the novels tumultuous passion, the book received a mixture of responses. Eventually, those who were scandalized by the books inappropriateness won out, and Emily Brontes only novel was buried in literary obscurity. Decades later, when Wuthering Heights was revived by the interest of modern scholars, the unique literary devices used in the work began to earn more attention than its soap opera-like tale of obsession and loss. Although the second part of the novel―the part that chiefly concerns Catherine and Heathcliffs respective children―is frequently overlooked in retellings and screen adaptations, many contemporary critics believe it holds the key to Emily Bronte’s real literary genius. The first generation of children―Catherine, her brother Hindley, and the gypsy child Heathcliff―had led miserable lives, and both Catherine and Hindley died young as payment for their misguided passions. As a result of Heathcliffs scheming prior to Hindleys death, he has inherited the Earnshaw home, as well as the care of Hindleys son, Hareton. After the death of Heathcliffs estranged wife―Catherine’s husband’s sister, his own son, Linton, comes to live with him as well, setting in motion his final push for revenge. Generations The highlight of the second part of the book is when Heathcliff effectively kidnaps Catherines daughter, who is called Cathy. With the three children now all under one roof, the latter half of the book parallels the beginning, when Catherine, Hindley, and Heathcliff were all children together in the same house. However, whether by a twist of fate or Heathcliffs mistreatment of the boy, Haretons demeanor and place in the household resembles Heathcliffs childhood persona more than that of his own father, while Linton is so weak and sickly that he is the perfect opposite of Heathcliff.Despite the clear similarities to the old rivalries, though, the children begin to converge, rather than to follow in the footsteps of their parents. Maddened by a desire for revenge, Heathcliff attempts to play them against one another, forcing Cathy to marry Linton so that he may inherit the neighboring property that belongs to his rival, Catherines widower. Linton dies soon after. After Heathcliffs own death, the tale comes full circle: the estates return to their rightful heirs, Hareton and the younger Cathy fall in love, and Heathcliff’s legacy of revenge disappears almost without a trace. Complex Storytelling Despite its early reception, the combination of unbridled passion and a complex storytelling form makes Wuthering Heights a favorite in many modern literary circles. The darkness of the story and the lack of accompanying moral teachings shocked many of its contemporaries, while the intricacies of the cyclical plot―the destruction and ultimate reunification of the families―were overlooked until recent decades. A novel that combines masterful literary devices with all of the scandals of a soap opera, Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights was a drama far ahead of its time.

International ManagementCase Study and Set the strategies Essay

International ManagementCase Study and Set the strategies - Essay Example It cannot also modify the product that it offers to the European market. The company will also have to deal with the high marketing expenses and will need to deal with the government authorities in keeping with their regulations on exporting. 2. Enter into an alliance with a large European company. Entering an alliance with a European company offers myriad of benefits for Dale. For one, this will enable the business organization to share risks and costs associated in entering the European market. Since, it will be dealing with an established firm which is already prominent in the target market, its entry will be much easier. Conforming to government regulation is also facilitated by the partnership. It should be noted that governments often favor local companies than foreign ones. Through the partnership, Dale will also benefit from the European company's knowledge and brand equity in the market together with the technology and other expertise of its partner. However, drawbacks can include mistrust in sharing proprietary technology and cultural clashes. Dale also has to deal with how to split the profit noting the asymmetric investments by the partners. 3. Manufacture the product in the United States and set up a wholly owned subsidiary in Europe. Manufacturing the product in the home country will enable Dale to reap economies of scale in production. Setting up a wholly owned subsidiary in Europe will allow the company to control marketing tactics and building brand image. It will also enable Dale to learn more about the market and tailor its product according. However, this will present concerns over government regulation and having to deal with a workforce with a different culture. 4. License a European firm to manufacture and market the phone in Europe. This will benefit Dale with a high return on investment as it will be given a high fee for the manufacture and marketing of the revolutionary wireless phone. No intervention in the foreign market is required as the licensee shoulders all the risk involved. The only downside is its inability to reap returns on manufacturing and marketing activities. It is recommended that Dale chooses to partner with a large European firm in manufacturing and marketing its product abroad. This partnership will enable the company to enter the market easier while using the strong brand equity of the large firm. Sharing the risk with another entity is a potential way of mitigating risk. It should be noted that its partner's knowledge about the market will allow it to tailor its product according to unique needs of its target market. Section 2. 1. How does expanding internationally benefit Wal-Mart In the international arena, Wal-Mart recognized that opportunities in the home country were becoming constrained. Wal-Mart is benefited from the international expansion through capturing a wider market base. It should be noted that as most developing economies improve their condition, opportunities abroad abound. The higher income in foreign markets represents profit prospects for retailers. The company also reaps economies of scale in purchasing and ordering due to its strategic partnership with merchandise suppliers. International expansion also enables it to employ its expertise and capabilities while banking on its strong brand equit

Printed circuit board in a toaster Research Paper

Printed circuit board in a toaster - Research Paper Example A toaster is a modern appliance used for toasting bread by converting electrical energy to heat energy which is then radiated to the bread (see appendix for a picture of one). In many households a toaster is a part of their breakfast or other meals as it easily and quickly prepares a toast as opposed to any other method you could use to prepare a toast. The device retails from as low as thirty bucks on Amazon therefore going by this its PCB cost would have to be quite low. In fact PCB production as per the Silver Circuits’ website (2011) is as low as 13 cents per square inch. This can be attributed to the few parts that make it up and the reduction in cost when mass producing these boards. (See appendix for a sample PCB). For effective functioning of the PCB in a toaster the following product design specifications have to be considered. (These are based on the environment of operation and a toaster’s manufacturer requirement for its PCB). On electrical consideration first we should consider the dielectric constant otherwise referred to as permittivity. This is an undertaking of accumulation electrostatic lines made of flux in a dielectric. (WhatIs.com Website, 2011). This depends on where the PCB is to be used, for instance in PCBs with many layers low values are preferred whereas those that are designed for RF circuits would have high values. In our case the toaster operates at low frequency and its PCB need not to be a multiple count one hence a value in between is good enough, however since the electric circuit in a toaster is a timer which uses capacitance the dielectric used to provide additional capacitance required. The second is loss tangent. This is usually a magnitude of how the dielectric component dissipates electromagnetic type of energy. Though more sensitive at higher frequencies it should be as low as possible for correct operation. Thirdly the materials should not absorb a