Strengths And Weaknesses Of Personality Testing - 1473 Words

Psychologists have utilized objective and projective for so many years that they are now in education courses, editorial works and even scientific articles. According to Meyer Kurtz, (2006) in personality testing objectives are â€Å"instruments in which the stimulus is an adjective, proposition, or question that is presented to a person who is required to indicate how accurately it describes his or her personality using a limited set of externally provided response options (true vs. false, yes vs. no, Likert scale, etc.)† (Meyer Kurtz, 2006, pg. 223). Further in objective the test taker will explain or clarify questions, take into account personal characteristics, construct self-evaluations in comparison to other test takers, make a decision where the characteristics match personality and then decide whether to share the information obtained from the test. Furthermore, objective can be useful in questionnaires because they are structured. Also, there has been valid points t o show that more or less objective data can be produced in personality testing. Another classification in personality testing with objective is, when the data is not objective, the test will not be categorized and will be looked at as more likely to be less positive. Projective is â€Å"instruments in which the stimulus is a task or activity that is presented to a person who is required to generate a response with minimal external guidance or constraints imposed on the nature of that response† (Meyer Kurtz,Show MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Personality Testing1387 Words   |  6 PagesPersonality testing allows psychologists to assess and describe an individual’s personality on a systematic and scientific level. Personality testing is used for the assessment of proposed theories, track personality changes, to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy, diagnose psychological issues and many more things. This essay will demonstrate how objective and projective approaches to personality testing have different results and outcomes, thereby reason why objective is the better form of personalityRead MoreSwot Analysis And Personality Type Testing894 Words   |  4 Pagesself-evaluation is the opportunity to highlight strengths and abilities, take stock of weaknesses, and evaluate how you can reach personal goals. Methodology In order to determine how my personality and abilities are related to my degree path, I began with two different types of evaluations; a personal SWOT Analysis and a personality type assessment based on Myers Briggs Personality Test methodology. Results of the SWOT analysis and personality type testing were then compared and contrasted, developingRead MorePersonality Assessment907 Words   |  4 Pagespaper in which you compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of your selected personality assessment instruments.    ï‚ ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Examine the following items for each instrument:    o  Ã‚  Ã‚   Validity o  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comprehensiveness o  Ã‚  Ã‚   Applicability o  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cultural utility    ï‚ ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cite at least two references in your paper to support your assessment. Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine a synopsis of three different common personality assessment tests. The paper discusses theRead MoreA Critique Of The New Policies On Elite Female Athletes1152 Words   |  5 Pagesfemale athletics are made to seem fair but at the same time they target only those women who look more masculine than the others and as a result intensify the â€Å"gender policies† that plagues women’s sports. Argument Outline: -policies of sex-testing are intended for women with high androgen levels (hyperandrogenism) -there is a focus on the testosterone hormone since it is presumed that women who have a high level of testosterone have an unfair advantage against other women. -women known or suspectedRead MoreThe Role Of Psychological Assessment On Counseling And Clinical Practice1675 Words   |  7 PagesQUESTION NUMBER TWO Area of knowledge: Health Psychology QUESTION NUMBER TWO Assessment Discuss the role of psychological assessment in counseling or clinical practice. What are the strengths and weaknesses inherent in formal psychological testing? Why might you choose formal psychological testing techniques and for what types of clients? What limitations should be considered: Are there different considerations for objective and subjective assessment techniques? The Role of Psychological AssessmentRead MoreThe Mtbi Test, By Katharine Cook Briggs And Her Daughter Isabel Briggs Myers1575 Words   |  7 Pagesworld and psychological preferences. In this paper the author will explain their own results from the MTBI test and go into greater detail whether or not it accurately depicts their personality. This author will not only describe their personality type but show the strengths and weakness of this particular personality. This author will also explain how employers look at the MTBI test as a valuable tool in selecting great employees. Introduction Trait theory is defined as The measurementRead MoreMultiple Choice Questions on Psychology889 Words   |  4 PagesWoodcock-Johnson d. Sixteen Personality Factors (16PF) 3. ________ testing presents specific questions or statements to which a person responds by using specific answers or a scale. ________ is an example of this type of testing. a. Objective; MMPI b. Projective; TAT c. Functional; NEO-PI-R d. Intelligence; Stanford-Binet 4. ________ testing uses ambiguous or unstructured testing stimuli to which a person responds freely to the testing stimuli. ________ is an example of this type of testing. a. Objective; MMPIRead MoreWhat Do You Think Are Your Strengths And Weaknesses?963 Words   |  4 Pagesyour strengths and weaknesses? Upon completing the personality Type Inventory by Hogan and Champagne, the results revealed the hidden aspect of my key personality traits that I wasn’t aware of. I ended up with the Introvert, Intuitive, Thinking and Judging Personality which is described as â€Å"being one of the rarest and most strategically capable personality types† (16 Personalities, 2011, para.1). The INTJ personality holders, like mine, are distinguished by various strengths such asRead MoreOrganizational Testing and Assessment Essay examples1171 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Testing and Assessment Organizational testing and assessment is done throughout companies and organizations of all kinds for the purpose of screening and selecting the best employees as part of their staff. Companies need to select tools and materials that are effective and reliable in screening employees. In addition they need to know how to properly administer and interpret the results. In the sections below, performance appraisal, behavioral observation scales, the Big Five PersonalityRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of A Team1198 Words   |  5 PagesTeam Personality Traits Personalities can vary in groups of people from different areas of the country. University of Phoenix Learning Team B reflects similar personalities in which may not be a common aspect in most team environments. The Learn team B truthfully assessed the Big Five Personality test to understand strengths and weaknesses within the team. However, each member has displayed a high regard for team goals and participation. According to each team member the results of the test would

The Role Of Independent Agencies And The White House Staff...

The modern American presidency is defined as the presidency’s transition to the center of American governance. Distinct from typically passive and isolated presidencies during the 18th and 19th centuries, the modern American presidency of the mid-20th century set the use of power and popularity as precedence. The transition to the modern presidency can be understood through the development of the presidency’s institutional, international, and perceptual identity. In this essay, I will argue that the increasing role of independent agencies and the White House staff that spearheaded executive policymaking led to a significant institutional change to the presidency. I will also argue America’s expanding international function in response to globalization placed the presidency, responsible for foreign policy, in a newly found position to exercise power. Finally, I will argue that the public perception of the presidency as a â€Å"living reality† (Reedy, p. 10) shifted it from a peripheral political entity to one at the center of policy discussion and leadership. In this essay, I will present examples of the modern presidency in the attributes of administrations from Franklin D. Roosevelt through John F. Kennedy, as well as evaluate scholarly models that contextualize how attributes of these administrations shaped the modern presidency, such as John Burke’s Institutional Presidency, Aaron Wildavsky’s Two Presidencies, and George Reedy’s American Monarchy. Ushered in as the FDRShow MoreRelatedImportance Of The Executive Branch Of Government1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe executive branch of government in the United States is the one that affects people. The executive branch allows for one person with the help of the agencies they oversee, to make rapid decisions that can help people. The executive branch is more than the President of the United States or the Governor of a state it’s the agencies and staff that help them in making informed decisions, like managing the economy. Unlike the Legislative or Judicial branch of government, the executive branch is inRead MoreThe Roles of The National Security Enterprise 1301 Words   |  5 Pagesof as the National Security Council (NSC) and the Department and Agencies they represent. However, Roger Z George and Harvey Rishikof point out in The National Security Enterprise: Navigating the Labyrinth that national security decision-making may rest with the President and the NSC but is significantly influenced by the Modern Media (including the traditional Press), lobbyist, think tanks, and the US Congress. A significant role for the NSE is ensuring that these different elements of governmentRead MoreComparing The Functions And Power Of Judical, Legislative, And Executive Branches1212 Words   |  5 PagesFUNCTION AND POWER OF JUDICAL, LEGISLATIVE, AND EXECUTIVE BRANCHES IN FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS The American Constitution has served a critical role throughout the history of the United States and has affected the powers of federal and state governments. The Constitution laid out the separation of power in government between three branches and each role that they should serve. Federalism divides power along national and state government with each holding specific duties to working together effectivelyRead MoreUnited States President1293 Words   |  5 Pagesdepartments that are led by a chosen member. These departments are joined with other agencies like the CIA and EPA to fulfill daily requirements. The President also appoints more than 50 independent federal commissions, like the FRB (Federal Reserve Board) or the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as judges, ambassadors, and other federal offices. The Executive Office of the President consists of the staff directly linked to the President, along with the Office of Management and Budget andRead MorePresidential Cont rol over the Bureaucracy628 Words   |  3 Pagesremoval of people from a department. Shaping the direction of the administration. Giving directives to an agency of exactly what it needs to accomplish. Reorganizing federal departments. Changing discretionary spending. Using the Office of Budget Management to analyze and make suggestions on the budget that can be used by the president to provide support or to take away support from certain agencies (Harrison 416-38). While the President can nominate or directly appoint people to some positions, inRead MoreBlack And Minority Ethnic Offenders1373 Words   |  6 Pagestasked Baroness Young implement the Young review. Research started in 2013 and the final report was presented to the House of Lords in December 2014 The Young Review discusses the journey of BAME offenders through the Criminal Justice System. The review highlights why it’s essential that whilst exploring the question of how do we address offending behaviour, Criminal Justice agencies understand the difficulties Black, Asian, Minority Ethnic (BAME) offenders face in the Criminal Justice System andRead MoreHistory of Formation of the Cia2504 Words   |  11 PagesIn September of 1947 the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was realised and hatched, the eventuality of the intelligence reformation in the United States occurring after the Second World War. Less than a year before this date a Joint Congressional Investigation had come to the inevitable conclusion that the Pearl Harbour attack illustrated America’s need for a unified command structure and a more efficient centralised intelligence system. In an attempt to bring these conclusions into realisationRead MoreBranches Of Government And What They Do1341 Words   |  6 PagesSeparation of powers plays a role in the branches of government in which it helps it run smoothly, no one gets too much of power, and everyone is responsible for their job. Now I’ll start with the legislative branch. The legislative branch is the branch of government that has the power to make the laws, it is also made up of two houses, the Senate, which are made of a hundred people, two from each state, and they also they to be at least thirty years old, and House of Representatives. The senateRead MoreLevels of Government Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesIndependent regulatory commissions exercise all three powers of government one being the legislative branch. The powers of the legislative branch consist of enforcing laws passed by congress and establish policies. The legislative branch also has the power to confirm federal appointments and to impeach federal officials. A lot of times the legislative branch raises money and decides how that money is spent. Some monies are used to help government officials with their campaigns. The powers of theRead MoreThe President s National Security Policy Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthe political model of decision-making process, the US president is undoubtedly not an independent decision maker. The structure of the US political system has two major decision-making functions notably the executive and legislative. The consulting or specialist group close to the executive branch or an executive agency first recognizes the need for a particular strategic US National Security Policy. The agency or group formulates policy proposals to address the identified issue of interest to the

Philips Versus Matsushita free essay sample

How did Philips become the leading consumer electronics company in the world in the postwar era? A key success of Philips in my opinion came from a decision to build the postwar organization on the strengths of the national organizations (NOs). NOs are greatly increased self-sufficiency and became adept at responding to country-specific market conditions. What distinctive competence did they build? Philips had 14 product divisions (PDs), and NOs built their own technical capabilities and product development. This is an adaption to local market’s needs. What were its incompetencies? Philips had many technological innovations, but its ability to bring products to market was falter. Philips also have had problem in reorganizing the company to deal with its growing problems. 2. How did Matsushita succeed in displacing Philips as No. 1? A key success of Matsushita in my opinion is ability to create new products to meet local market’s needs and very quick. Matsushita also adopted the divisional structure, giving each division clearly defined profit responsibility for its products, and using â€Å"one-product-one division† system. The division was acting liked entrepreneur and financed its product development from Matsushita’s banking system liked. Any division that failed over 2 consecutive years would be fixed. If the division could not be fixed, the division team would be replaced. This management strategy gave more effective and speed to react to local market in the competitive environment. In order to manage many divisions across the world, Matsushita has expatriate Japanese managers and technicians on foreign assignment for four to eight years. A few positions that is always almost reserved for them. Those are general managers whose main role was to translate Matsushita philosophy abroad, expatriate accounting managers who provide a truth of financial health, and Japanese technical managers who transfer product and process technologies and provide headquarters with local market information. This strategy helps headquarter to maintain relationship with all satellite divisions. Matsushita moved none of key production assembly to offshore factory in order to reduce the impact of trade war and utilize lower labor cost and low shipping cost. In short, the ability to market new products of Matsushita and ‘Time-To-Market’ or speed were better than Philips. What were its distinctive competencies and incompetencies? Matsushita’s distinctive competency in my opinion was â€Å"one-product-one division† system that created self competition inside the company itself. In addition, the Japanese expatriate in key positions (i. e. general managers, accounting managers and technical managers) helped headquarter to main to relationship, control, and support to other Matsushita’s divisions around the globe. Matsushita’s incompetency was happened when Nakamura announced a program of â€Å"destruction and creation,† in which he disbanded the product division structures that KM had created as Matsushita’s basic organizational building block. Attempting to reorganize the company core structure too quick seems to bring down Matsushita. 3. What recommendations would you make to Geraid Kleisterlee? To Kunio Nakamura? In my opinion, the recommendations that I would make to Geraid Kleisterlee and Kunio Nakamura will base on balancing the method of AAA’s (Adaptation, Aggregation, and Arbitrage). It seems that the large company likes Philips and Matsushita have had issues how to reorganize the company (aggregation). The key that was driven the change came from a lower profit ability of company base on the investor’s demand. In Kunio’s case, he radical changed the core structure of Matsushita to quick. Quickly change a core strategy of big company came with unstable structure in which many people would not be able to adapt in short term and could create a catastrophic. I would recommend him to make a small and slow changes or deviations as needed in core structure. Kunio shall remain individual product divisions to maintain a focus in innovation of new products, but he shall consolidate or integrate the factories to be capable of building multi-product production. The new integrated product production can switch the assembly lines quickly from producing less profit products to high profit products, and eliminate a high cost to maintain less profit product lines in the old way. In Geraid’s case, I would recommend Philips to focus in innovation of new technologies and utilize new or existing technologies to create a value in the new product, maintain outsource of its basic manufacturing. This strategy is similar to iPhone product where Apply added style/art into a mix of MP3 player and cell phone. Apply only focus on designing the new product and allowed outsource manufacturing in China to build the product.

Shouldice Hospital Essay Example

Shouldice Hospital Essay 1. How successful is the Shouldice Hospital? Generate a PL statement using available information from the case. Treat each of the two operations—hospital and the surgery—separately. Hospital: Revenues (4 days X $111/day x 6,850 patients/year)3,041,400 Cost2,800,000 Profit: 241,400 Clinic: Revenues ((($450 + 60 + 75) X 0. 20) X 6,850 patients/year)) 3,596,250 Cost2,000,000 Profit1,596,250 Total Profit1,837,650 2. How do you account for its successful performance? The following factors account for the success of Shouldice hospital: †¢Unique and pioneering surgical technique for Hernia operation which reduced the suffering of the patients and led to rapid recovery as compared to the existing methods. The Shouldice technique enabled the patients to resume their normal routine and jobs in a much shorter period of time (one to four weeks) as compared to other hospitals (two to eight weeks). This technique resulted in 140,000 highly satisfied â€Å"Alumni†(past patients). †¢Doctors could conduct 600 operations in a year as compared to 25 to 50 operations per year in other hospitals, which was possible by the standardization of operating procedures. This standardization led to efficient utilization of the medical staff and other resources. †¢To adhere to the Shouldice technique and match the value system with that of the hospital, experienced doctors and nursing staff were recruited carefully. †¢Due to the following techniques adopted by Shouldice created a warm and welcoming environment for patients: We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer oCarpeting the hospital gave the place smell other than that of disinfectant oEncouraged interaction and recreational activities amongst patients and also with the hospital staff oMatching of roommates based on  similar background and the scheduling of their operation at the same time are examples and care exerted to create a friendly environment which led to faster recuperation oDeveloped feeling of belongingness to the hospital during the stay. †¢Unique recovering techniques that stressed upon ambulation led to minimizing the cost by cutting down on various post-operative patient care activities such as common dining areas, common recreational facilities etc. This also resulted in low nurse to patient ratio compared to other similar hospitals (0.44) †¢Offering the cheapest option for treatment of hernia in the region †¢High reliability of Hernia operation with very small recurrence rate of 0. 8 % as compared to high recurrence rates of close to 10 % as in the United States. †¢Doctors and nurses were motivated by way of higher salaries and profit sharing systems in the form of bonuses compared to other hospitals in the region and reasonable workload leading to sense of belongingness amongst the doctors and nurses leading to low attrition. †¢Encouraged group cohesiveness and fraternity type of coordination mechanism within the organization leading to greater operational efficiency. The above factors resulted in remarkable credibility for the Shouldice Hospital that position edit in the market as a hospital which ensured cost effective, reliable, caring and responsive service to the hernia patients. 3. Prepare a patient process flow diagram from arrival through surgery and determine the capacities at each stage. For this diagram, only indicate major points in the process, e.g. , admitting, examination, operating room surgeries, etc. Use the actual hours of operation for each step in the process to determine the capacity of each step. Where is the bottleneck? Bottleneck in the Design Flow: †¢Shouldice has the capacity to perform 42 examinations per afternoon and send 38 eligible patients to the operation rooms. †¢It only performs 33 operations per day, so the bottleneck between these 2 processes is the number of operations being performed per day. †¢Shouldice performs 33 operations per day, which generate daily bed demand of 116 on Wednesday and Thursday, and 99 on Tuesday, all exceeding the current bedding capacity of 89. So between these 2 processes, the number of available beds is the bottleneck. †¢Overall, the bottleneck for Shouldice is the number of available beds. †¢The hospital has to increase its bed capacity by 30% [(116-89)/(89)] to simply meet its current operation schedule. 4. Do a detailed analysis of potential on-site capacity expansion alternatives (on a per week basis). Assume an average of 3. 5 days stay at the hospital for each patient, including surgery, and Sunday admits. This means that half the patients spend three days while the other half spend four days. Alternatives to be considered: An assumption must be made, due to limited information in the case, that the expansion alternatives being considered are to meet an unmet market demand and is not driven by addition profit or other reasons. 1. Add an additional day by operating on Saturday †¢Use 89 + 14 rooms (3. 5 average stay). †¢Total number of patents per week = 180 †¢137 current throughput/148 theoretical = x / 180 theoretical †¢New throughput = 180 x (137/148)= 167 patients / week †¢Additional patients per year = (167-137) x 50= 1,450 †¢Additional revenue for the clinic = 1450 x (450+0. 20 x 75) = $674,250 – Cost $124,250 †¢Net increase in profit: 550,000 for no additional investment †¢Disadvantages †¢Require to schedule 23-25 operations on Saturday †¢Six surgeons and a supervising surgeon have to work on Saturdays †¢Additional other personnel. †¢Violates the implied contract that Shouldice has with its surgeons, strong opposition by the senior doctors †¢Operating close the theoretical capacity of the facility †¢Advantages †¢No investment is needed †¢Can still maintain quality 2. Increase additional beds by 50% by adding a new floor †¢Total Number of Rooms: 89 +45= 134 †¢Total number of patents per week = 193 †¢137 current throughput/148 theoretical = x / 193 theoretical †¢New throughput = 193 x (137/148)= 179 patients / week †¢Additional patients per year= (179-137) x 50 = 2,100. †¢Additional revenue for the clinic = 2100 x (450+0.20 x 75) = $976,500 – Cost $176,500 †¢Return on investment = 800,000/2,000,000=40% †¢Disadvantages †¢Require to schedule doctors to the full capacity of five days per week †¢Increase work load on admissions, kitchen, laundry, housekeeping and accounting †¢Further staggering of meal hours for patients (100 seat dinning room) †¢Disruption during construction †¢Advantages †¢Easy to control and maintain quality †¢Retain the culture and environment 3. They can meet the unmet market demand with external capacity by opening a new facility in US or Canada †¢Advantages. †¢New location close to the customers, i. e. USA or Canada †¢Improve its competitive position and increase its profits †¢Operate in a less restrictive environment †¢New opportunities for existing personnel †¢Transfer of knowledge and expertise to the new facilities †¢Disadvantages †¢Requires a significant investment and Dr. Shoudice’s time †¢Challenging to monitor the quality of service provided †¢It is difficult to replicate the same culture and atmosphere that is so successful in the parent facility †¢Potential competition with the existing facility. Shouldice Hospital Essay Example Shouldice Hospital Essay Q1: How does shouldice compete? In other words why do patients come to shouldice hospital? Two main reasons drive customers into choosing Shouldice over other competitors/hospitals. The first is quality, and the other is cost. talking about quality of the Shouldice â€Å"product† includes both, quality of the operation, and quality of post operation activities and overall services offered by Shouldice. The Shouldice method is a focused, specified operation that deals with Hernias, with a reputation that has been built throughout the years and is still growing; the hospital doesn’t even use advertisement to attract patients, the â€Å"word of mouth† way of advertisement has been doing very well for them so far. The superior quality offered by the Shouldice method, gives the patients a motive to operate at Shouldice for what it gives regarding peace of mind, low risk and low recurrence rates. Away from the in-operation excellence in quality, the services that Shouldice hospital offers are more tempting than other hospitals. Patients do not feel that they are in a hospital; they consider it more like a recovery vacation with an excused absence from work without feeling any guilt in that. We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Moreover, it gives patients the independence and sense of control and preserves patients’ dignity when it comes to the fast recovery after the operation, and when it comes to the fast ambulation process after the operation, where a patient rises up and walks by himself (definitely under supervised assistance by nurses), and makes him feel in control of his motion and in control of the sedative applied on him which has no effect other than ignoring the pain of the 45 minutes procedure. The financial part of this comparison holds the other big part in the decision taken by a patient to go to Shouldice. Taking into consideration the lower cost of the operation is an enough reason to pick Shouldice, yet, another important notice would be the positive opportunity cost in terms of cutting the losses or absence from work by almost a week. 9 days are sufficient for a patient at Shouldice to go through the operation and the post operation recovery, while it takes about 15 days in other hospitals. Moreover, the dollar amount saved between going to shouldice and going to another hospital is about 1000. And has Dr. Shouldice says, even if a patient buys a round ticket from the US to Toronto, the cost of the operation stays lower. Overall, a patient choosing Shouldice would be going for a cheaper, higher quality service of operations, both of which are the optimum that a patient can choose, and therefore cause him to pick Shouldice over other hospitals. Finally, as a conclusion, if we want to look at it from a Value creation perspective, their advantages can be separated into the 4 parts: 1- Cost: the cost advantages listed above 2- Quality: separated into 2 parts: a. Quality of design: made available by the services offered to the patients (welcoming his family, a high quality lunch) b. Quality of performance: made available by the specialization of the doctors in using the Shouldice method (seargons have an average of 600 operations/year and the rate of recurrence equal to 0. 8%. ) 3- Delivery: the established process enables the Hospital to offer a high admission process along with a high speed recovery (as mentioned earlier). 4- Flexibility: the fact that the secretaries are trained for multitasking Q2: Identify characteristics of Shouldice’s operations that you think have contributed to its success. The elements that contribute to Shouldice’s success can be branched into administrative, structural, and operational factors. The policy that the administration of Shouldice applies stresses on the core competence of Shouldice’s operations which is taking good care of the patient during post operational recovery and insists on personal contribution of the patient during this phase. The management at shouldice does its best to keep the patient as comfortable as possible by applying the main concepts that shouldice is built upon. Moreover, the structure of shouldice acts as a major factor in its success. Starting from the building and room equipment that lack TVs and phones, encouraging patients to get up and walk in order to mix with people and profit from the social experience offered by this program and expedite their post operation recovery. In addition to that, carpets all over the place, comfortable stairways, and easy movement between operation rooms for doctors to help each other, all act as important roles that the structure and design of shouldice depends on to contribute to its success. Not to ignore the fact that shouldice’s location is very important since it is based near the airport of a huge city with a large population and encourages international patients coming from outside the country to operate there. Moving to the operational factors that contribute the most to the success, we can find that shouldice is focusing on a narrow segment of the market(patients), with specialized surgeons who are recruited specifically to this kind of job, with characteristics like tolerance to repetition and being family oriented. In addition to allowing surgeons to observe and advice one another, which creates some peer pressure that leads into a huge quality control driven by the need of each surgeon to give his best and excel when compared to others. This huge experience acquired by the surgeons after repeating the same procedure a couple of times during the same day all through the year, attracts a lot of demand which is being treated by a frequent increase in the supply by increasing the capacity of the hospital. Another way to look at the structure from another perspective, we notice that the Shouldice’s hospital has an effective process layout (operations and laboratory at bottom level, pre-operations and examination rooms at the 1st floor, on the 2nd floor, the administration offices, and on the 3rd, the additional hostel rooms for extra capacity in case of emergency) Moreover, the systematic approach starting with the first step (admission of the patient) after being screened and given all information to study his case separately, till releasing the patient to go home, makes it more easier to apply in real time, rather than treating each patient as a case by his own. This way, estimating the operation and service time will be much easier and leads into a better control over the number of patients admitted at the same time. Another important factor of success is sharing of expensive services like the anesthetists, in addition to other factors like the high salaries given to surgeons, free annual checkups and reunions and of course having the famous high quality low cost reputation, act as reasons for the success of Shouldice. Q3: Which resource of Shouldice is the bottleneck? First, let us examin the pre-opration process. I- the Examination process: 6 rooms, working hours: from 1 to 4 pm (assuming the last patient arrived at 3pm and waits 20min for his turn to come, knowing that other have been waiting before him. ) the examination goes on for 20min. they only work 5 days a week. the formula is: (6 rooms x 3 hrs x 5 days x 60 min/hr) / (20 min / exam) = 270 patients/week II- accounting procedure: 2 people work in this department. They work from the start of the process (1o’clock) until the last patient goes out of the examination. They work 5 days a week, and their procedure takes 10min per patient. The formula is: (2 people x 4 hrs x 5 days/week x 60 min/hr) / (10min/patient) = 240patients/week III- Operating Procedure: 5 operating rooms. They are opened at 1st operation: 7h30. The surgeon’s day ends at 4pm. He’s on duty for 8. 5hours. he needs 1h to perform a normal operation. 5 days a week. †¢ (5 rooms x 8. 5 hrs/room/day x 1 hrs/patient x 5 days/week)/ = 212. 5 patients /week †¢ Surgeons: 12 surgeons work at the hospital. We assumed, on average, they perform 4 operations per day (depending on the type of the operation and thus its length) †¢ 12 surgeons x 4 operations /day x 5 days = 240 patients/week. †¢ Hospital beds: †¢ 89 beds = 178 patients per week (assuming use of weekends for convalescence and 3.5 days average stay, meaning there are 2 patients per bed per week) BOTTLENECK is the Hospitals beds By agreeing with O’dell, the most appropriate solution would be to increase the bed capacity by 50% and reach 133 beds hence, reaching a capacity of 266 patients per week. The next bottleneck would be the number of operating rooms with its 212 patients per week. This means that next step would be to increase the operating rooms and/or increase the working hours of the surgeons (forcing them to work on Saturdays). But some further cost estimations have to be made. This increase of working hours might also lead to a decrease in the quality of operations.

Is the Teleological Argument strong Essays

Is the Teleological Argument strong Essays Is the Teleological Argument strong Paper Is the Teleological Argument strong Paper The Teleological Argument is an a posterior inductive argument which was put forward in many forms by ancient philosophers such as Plato and Cicero to the more modern philosophers and theologians such as Aquinas and Paley. It is an argument to prove the existence of God. The name of the argument comes from Greek telos which means purpose or aim. Aquinass argument which was in his Summa may be summed up in this way: 1. All designed things have a designer 2. The Universe is designed 3. Therefore it has a designer, this designer is God This argument, as seen from point one and three, is begging the question (in other words, it is a circular argument). This makes it weak because it has already asserted one of its premises in the conclusion. It as though he is saying that its true because it is true. This isnt sufficient enough for a sound argument. Also, Aquinas doesnt provide any justification for the second point. These points make it look like its a very weak argument. However points can be given for the universe being designed, such as the seasons and death. This point however can be combated by saying that the universe, may indeed, have some features of a design but there are many which show that it doesnt have design, for instance the fact some women have ectopic pregnancies. The fact that it is a inductive argument means that it is not necessarily true, it is contingent (may not be true) and is not as strong as something that is necessarily true. However, deductive arguments never tell us anything new about the world, which unlike inductive arguments which although may not be necessarily true, do tell us something new. However, the question (about the strength of the argument), should not be subject to our preference of knowing more about the world. So, the fact that it is not necessarily true does weaken the argument. The argument is also a posterior, this gives room for Scepticism (which doubts the external world) to weaken the argument. Scepticism says that we can never have knowledge of the external world which means the order or purpose we see in the world can also be doubted. As Descartes put it, the only thing that is infallible was your own mind (this clearly illustrated when he said I think therefore I am). How do we know that order, purpose and beauty in the world isnt the working of an Evil Demon? David Hume, the British Empiricist, raised objections to the teleological argument which was put forward by Paley however his objections can be used against Aquinass argument too. Humes first objection was that we can not assess whether a universe was designed because we have no experience of universe being designed or built. When you stumble upon a house you know whether it is good or not through experience of other houses, you can not say this about the universe because it is unique. Therefore, how can we determine it is a well designed universe? Hume second objection is that is a farce to liken the universe to something mechanic because the universe Hume then goes on to say that When we infer any particular cause from an effect, we must proportion the one to the other, and can never be allowed to ascribe to the cause any qualities, but what are exactly sufficient to produce the effect. This means that just because it may prove a designer, doesnt mean that we can label the designer with such titles such as omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenevolent. The question now is, are Humes objections valid? The first objection is saying that we can not know something if we had not experienced it and it is unique, however, we have not seen the human race being created and it is unique yet we have many anthropologists and more importantly we are actually finding more and more about universe through the studies done by cosmologists. His second objection, which was combated by Swinburne, can not possibly be true because the order the universe has In conclusion, the Teleological Argument is strong because the first two objections that were put forward by Hume have been combated by Swinburne and do not hold up. However, Humes third objection still holds, this makes the argument weaker because it shows that the argument does not fulfil its purpose (to show Gods existence the definition being of a Judeo-Christian God). The objection that it is an inductive, argument does not hold because although it makes it less likely to be true, that does not mean that is not true. Also, the fact that it is a posterior, may mean that scepticism can doubt it but the common sense approach (put forward by Wittgenstein) says that we should not be affected by such things. Wittgenstein says Here is one hand, and here is another and that is proof enough.

The Chinese Culture essays

The Chinese Culture essays China, also known as the Peoples Republic of China (Zhong hua Ren Min Gong He Guo), is the worlds largest country by population. China contains more than 1/5 of the worlds population. China has 1.3 billion people with a landmass only about the same size as the United States. Now one of the worlds stronger countries, the Chinese culture has steadily grown while adapting to mankinds new cultural developments. Chinas current rate of development is a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate of 8% and an industrial growth rate of 12.6%. The Chinese government anticipates an increased growth rate over the next four years because of its selection by the Olympic Committee to host the 2008 Summer Olympics. Chinese characteristics are similar to other eastern Asians. Usually born with black hair, Chinese hair color will rarely vary by more than lightening to a dark brown. Their skin is light brown; however, other people often consider the skin color as yellow. The average height of a Chinese is relatively short compared to the average Caucasian. Hairstyles can vary, and like many developed countries, people change and cut their hair according to what looks good. Often in the 1990's, students who attended local schools chose to cut their hair into a buzz cut, short spiky hair. Jewelry is also very common. Chinese people wear jewelry on their ears and necklaces according to preference. Chinese often wear jewelry as a sign of wealth; however, many people living in China do not make enough money to buy jewelry. Traditional clothing is one of the main aspects of the Chinese culture. The most famous traditional fashion in China, the cheongsam, which also means, long dress has been adopted by foreigners. Chinese prefer to call their long dress a qipao. The qipao has a high neck, closed collar, and buttons on the right side. The qipao is famous because it is simple, charming, and neat. Chinese ...

World Regional Georgraphy Unit 6 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

World Regional Georgraphy Unit 6 - Research Paper Example When the British colonizers came in 1795, the laws became more powerful thus, further racial segregation. During this time, Africans were separated from the white settlers and were forced to live in different areas that were later referred to as reserves. Land Act of 1913 facilitated this separation further (Beinart & Dubow, 1995). The economic woes brought about by the World War II increased the racial segregation in South Africa. When National Party gained power in 1948, the new government enacted the apartheid law that ensured that the white race dominated. This law also ensured that the white lived in different areas from the Africans. South Africans were also divided along the tribal lines and their powers decreased. The Population Registration Act was enacted in 1950 and it required all South African races to be classified as black (Africans), whites or colored. Those who failed to adhere to this law were punished harshly. The Department of Home Affairs was responsible for this act. Another core of the apartheid policy was the Group Areas Act which was formed in 1950. This act marked the areas of land based on the race that occupy the areas. The other laws that placed more restrictions on the black South Africans were the Natives Urban Areas Act and the Natives Labor Act from in 1952 and 1953 respectively (Berridge, 1992). Some political parties were against this apartheid policy and they formed a movement to resist the policy. These parties included ANC (African National Congress) of 1912 and PAC (Pan Africanist Congress) of 1958. These two movements managed to ban the South African government through violent campaigns (Berridge, 1992). SASO (South African Students Association) which was formed in 1960 also joined the other parties in resisting the policy. Apartheid policy ended in 1994 when all adults were allowed to vote during that election. The late Nelson Mandela was voted as the

The Localization of Management in China The Implications and Essay

The Localization of Management in China The Implications and Considerations for Foreign Companies - Essay Example Finding - The book provides very sound advice on understanding the operational strategy of China's economy. There is no economy in the world as important and yet as poorly understood as China's. In his penetrating book, Sull helps us understand what really happens in some of China's most important companies. The book is packed with startling stories and much strategic advice for entrepreneurs who can seize the opportunity and manage the risk in the dynamic Chinese market. Finding - This is an intriguing study which addresses the key factors which motivate the local Chinese to open the doors of their land to do business with foreign company. The emphasis is on business lessons which foreign company needs to learn to assimilate into the local culture. The dragon is the Chinese market. Subject - The book is designed to help westerners who intend to conduct business in China. The information contained in the book can also be very helpful if you are visiting China for business or pleasure and even if you desire simply to get greater insight into Chinese worldview and not only the appropriate way to act in different situations, but also some historical and social background which is the inherent part of Chinese business culture. Finding - Thomas G. ... The information contained in the book can also be very helpful if you are visiting China for business or pleasure and even if you desire simply to get greater insight into Chinese worldview and not only the appropriate way to act in different situations, but also some historical and social background which is the inherent part of Chinese business culture. 6. Author-Thomas Geoffrey Moore Title- China in the World Market: Chinese Industry and International Sources of Reform in the Post-Mao Era. Subject- Analysis of China's position in the World market with emphasis on the reform in post-Moa Era. Finding - Thomas G. Moore examines the role of the outside world as a source of change in post-Mao China. Based on extensive documentary and interview material, the book adds the Chinese case to a long tradition of country-based studies by political economists, historians, and area specialists that have chronicled the experiences of developing countries as they enter specific industrial markets in the world economy. This book will be timely and provocative reading for anyone concerned with the nature of China's deepening participation in the world economy and its consequences for the country's development prospects, internal reforms, and foreign policy. 7. Author - Michael Porter Title - Porter on Competition Subject - Strategy formulation in coping with competition Finding - In this book Porter carefully organizes the material within three Parts: First, he focuses on competition and strategy for companies at both the level of a single industry and then for multinational or diversified companies; next, he addresses the role of location in competition; and then he Part III, he addresses some important

The relationship between the socio-economic characteristics Essay Example for Free

The relationship between the socio-economic characteristics Essay The aim of the fieldwork is to analyse the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the resident population and the quality of the residential environment within different parts of Durham City. The quality of the residential environment will be closely related to socio-economic factors and that the higher status areas will lie towards the edge of the urban area, meaning that the further out from the CBD I go the quality of the residential areas will improve. Looking at the layout of the areas I believe that I could base the area Robsons model. Robson based his model on Sunderland so the River Wear had to be taken into account, this river also runs through Durham but his model showed that as you went further from the centre that the class of living increased. Robson found that a mixture of concentric circles and sectors that identified the urban zones formed the framework to Sunderland. One thing to note is that a great dominance of areas of low and medium class housing were found more centrally than that of the higher class of living found on the outskirts. In each ward each group will survey a single street, they will walk the length of each street and record the quality of the residential environment by scoring each street according to the penalty points system.

Douglas M. Mcgregor: Theory X and Theory Y :: Business

Mr. McGregor theorizes that management views an employee’s motivation toward work in two distinct ways—Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X managers believe the following: (1) The average worker naturally does not like work and will avoid it whenever possible. (2) Managers must always control, motivate, and direct their employees to perform well. (3) Most workers prefer being directed, avoid responsibility, and seek job security. On the other hand, Theory Y managers assume the following: (1) Employees enjoy working. (2) Managers do not need to control and punish workers to accomplish organizational goals. (3) Workers will be committed to an organization if their work is satisfying. (4) Managers should “…arrange organizational conditions and methods of operation so that people can achieve their own goals best by directing their own efforts toward organizational objectives'; (Kolb, et al., 1995, p. 62).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theory McGregor believes will best stimulate employee motivation toward accomplishing organizational goals is Theory Y. The goal of Theory Y is to provide employees ways to attain the higher levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (esteem (ego) and self-actualization (-fulfillment)) so that the establishment may prosper. McGregor thinks that most organizations today already fulfill the lower needs of employees (physiological, safety, and love (social)) and therefore should concentrate on the higher needs of individuals. Therefore, McGregor says that management should try to develop a relationship based on two-way trust between management and employees.

Hunger Games Essay

Mark Twain once remarked, â€Å"A classic is a book that people praise, but don’t read.† (Cowan 13). Everyone wants to say that they’ve read Shakespeare, but few people would actually choose to read it for fun. Shakespeare though is still considered a classic author. Why? The story of Romeo and Juliet has been produced and remade countless times since it was first written. The timeless love story has the â€Å"power to quicken your imagination to rouse your mind or to strike your feeling† (Pooley 76). This is what classic literature does. This â€Å"power† is what gains literature lasting recognition and the status of a â€Å"classic† When determining if a book should be considered a classic, there are several things to consider. One must take into consideration the genre of the book, the author’s career, and the qualities of the book itself. After reading the book and examining these factors, it becomes clear that certain works of literature stand out above the rest. by , for example, be considered a classic. The Hunger Games is an Adventure book. Twenty-four are forced to enter. Only the winner survives. In the ruins of a place once known as North America lies the nation of Panem, a shining Capitol surrounded by twelve outlying districts. Each year, the districts are forced by the Capitol to send one boy and one girl between the ages of twelve and eighteen to participate in the Hunger Games, a brutal and terrifying fight to the death – televised for all of Panem to see. Survival is second nature for sixteen-year-old Katniss Everdeen, who struggles to feed her mother and younger sister by secretly hunting and gathering beyond the fences of District 12. When Katniss steps in to take the place of her sister in the Hunger Games, she knows it may be her death sentence. If she is to survive, she must weigh survival against humanity and life against love. Bio of Suzanne Collins Suzanne Collins is the author of the bestselling Underland Chronicles, which started with Gregor the Overlander. In The Hunger Games, she continues to explore the effects of war and violence on those coming of age. Suzanne lives with her family in Connecticut. Bestselling author Suzanne Collins first made her mark in children’s literature with the New York Times bestselling under land Chronicles series for middle grade readers. Her debut for readers aged 12 and up, The Hunger Games-September 2008, immediately became a New York Times bestseller, appealing to both teen readers and adults. It was called â€Å"addictive† by Stephen King in Entertainment Weekly and â€Å"amazing by Stephanie Meyer on her website, and was named a New York Times Notable Book of 2008 and a New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice. Catching Fire -September 2009, the second book in The Hunger Games trilogy, debuted at #1 on the USA Today bestseller list and simultaneously appeared at #1 on the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and Publishers Weekly bestseller lists. It was named a Time Magazine Top Ten Fiction Book of 2009, a New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice, and a People Magazine (Top 10) Best Book of 2009. The final book in the trilogy, Mocking Jay -August 2010, debuted at No. 1 on all national bestseller lists during its first week on sale. In a starred review, Publishers Weekly said it â€Å"accomplishes a rare feat, the last installment being the best yet, a beautifully orchestrated and intelligent novel that succeeds on every level.† In April 2010, Suzanne Collins was named to the TIME 100 list of â€Å"the world’s most influential people.† The Hunger Games movie opens on March 23, 2012. Produced by Lionsgate Films and directed by Gary Ross, the movie stars Jennifer Lawrence (Katniss), Josh Hutchison (Peeta), and Liam Hemsworth (Gale). Suzanne Collins has also had a successful and prolific career writing for children’s television. She has worked on the staffs of several Nickelodeon shows, including the Emmy-nominated hit Clarissa Explains It All and The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo. She received a Writers Guild of America nomination in animation for co-writing the critically acclaimed Christmas special, Santa, Baby! (http://www.scholastic.com) This paper compares and contrasts the themes, ideas, and genres of Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† and the film adaptation of Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games. The former is a short story satire while the latter is a roving epic with heroes and heroines. Both, however, look at the darker side of human nature in different ways. The Hunger Games has a dynamic heroine named Katniss, while The Lottery has no real hero or heroine. Katniss in The Hunger Games represents the kind of Christian heroic ethic of self-sacrifice that, in fact, is missing from The Lottery Katniss saves her sister by volunteering herself in her sister s place. It is an enormous act of courage and charity on her part. Such action is completely missing from Jackson s satire and for good reason. Jackson has not written a story that commends man s good deeds but rather indicts society for its hypocritical practices.

Application Letter

October 2012 Hon. Shirlita Y. Chong Municipal Mayor Liloan, Southern Leyte Dear Madam: I would like to apply as Enumerator in the update survey of the 2009 result of the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS – PR) by next year 2013. I’m Arlene Salada, married a resident of Brgy. Ilag, Liloan Southern Leyte and a Bachelor of Elementary Education graduated at Tomas Oppus Normal College Tomas Oppus Southern Leyte. I work as BHW (Barangay Health Worker) for 5 years last 2002 up to 2007 at Brgy. Ilag , Liloan So. Leyte.I was also a Community Profiler Volunteer of Plan Philippines. I’m hardworking and willing to be part of the NHTS-PR enumerators. Thank You. More Power. ARLENE B. SALADA Applicant List of Secretaries of Education (*) Acting Capacity #| Name| Term Began| Term Ended| President| Secretary of Public Instruction| 1| Sergio Osmena| 1935| 1940| Manuel Quezon| | 2| Jorge Bocobo| 1940| 1941| | | Secretary of Public Instruction, Health, and Public Welfare| (1)| Sergio Osmena| 1941| 1944| Manuel Quezon| | Minister of Public Instruction| *| Jorge Bocobo| 1943| 1945| Jose Laurel| |Secretary of Information and Public Relations| 3| Carlos P. Romulo| 1944| 1945| Sergio Osmena| | Secretary of Public Instruction and Information| 4| Francisco Benitez| 1945| 1945| Sergio Osmena| | Secretary of Education| | Francisco Benitez| 1945| 1946| Sergio Osmena| | Secretary of Instruction| 5| Manuel Gallego| 1946| 1948| Manuel Roxas| | Secretary of Education| 6| Prudencio Langcauon| 1948| 1953| Elpidio Quirino| | Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports| 7| Lourdes Quisumbing| February 1986| December 1989| Corazon Aquino| | 8| Isidro Carino| January 1990| June 1992| | | | Armand Fabella| July 1992| July 1994| Fidel Ramos| | 10| Ricardo Gloria| August 1994| December 1997| | | 11| Erlinda Pefianco| January 1998| June 1998| | | 12| Bro. Andrew Gonzalez, FSC, Ph,D| Hulyo 1998| January 2001| Joseph Estrada| | Secretary of Education| 13| R aul Roco| February 2001| August 2002| Gloria Macapagal Arroyo| | 14| Edilberto de Jesus| September 2002| July 2004| | | 15| Florencio Abad| July 2004| July 2005| | | *| Ramon Bacani| July 2005| September 2005| | | *| Fe Hidalgo| September 2005| July 2006| | | 6| Jesli Lapus| July 2006| March 2010| | | 17| Mona Valisno| March 2010| June 30, 2010| | | 18| Bro. Armin Luistro, FSC| June 30, 2010| Incumbent| Benigno S. Aquino III| | Secretary of Education (Philippines) Secretary of Public Instruction SERGIO OSMENA JORGE BOCOBO 1935-1940 1940-1941 Secretary of Information and Public Relations Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports Dr. Lourdes R. Quisumbing – February 1986 December 1989 CARLOS P. ROMULO 1944 – 1945Secretary of Public Instruction and InformationSecretary of Education, Culture and Sports 4 Francisco Benitez 1945 1945 Sergio Osmena Secretary of Education Francisco Benitez 1945 1946 Secretary of Instruction 5 Manuel Gallego 1946 1948 Secretary of Education 6 Prudencio Langcauon 1948 1953 Isidro Carino January 1990 June 1992 Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports Armand Fabella July 1992 July 1994 Secretary of Education, Culture and SportsSecretary of Education, Culture and Sports Erlinda Pefianco Bro. Andrew Gonzalez, FSC, Ph,D Hulyo 1998 January 2001 Joseph EstradaJanuary 1998 June 1998 Secretary of Education Secretary of Education Edilberto de Jesus Ramon Bacani September 2002 – July 2004 July2005-Sept. 2005 Fe Hidalgo September 2005-July2006 Raul Roco February 2001 August 2002 Jose Abad Jesli Lapus Mona Valisno Luis Fermin July 2004-July 2005 July 2006- March 2010 March 2010-June 2010 June 30 2010 –

Critically evaluate the significance of Human Essays

Critically evaluate the significance of Human Essays Critically evaluate the significance of Human Essay Critically evaluate the significance of Human Essay Critically measure the significance of Human Rights Act challenges to societal security jurisprudence in the UK. Introduction Since the execution of the European Convention on Human Rights 1950 ( ECHR ) in domestic jurisprudence in the signifier of the Human Rights Act 1998 ( HRA 1998 ) , the jurisprudence of societal security amongst other legal subjects has been capable to legal reform and a figure of test cases’ in recent times. Human rights vis-a-vis societal security is one major facet impacting and act uponing judicial activism. This essay endeavours to look into the challenges that the HRA 1998 has posed on domestic societal security. My reading will analyze the most important facetsapropossocietal security commissariats and the challenges that they face in visible radiation of pluralist human rights jurisprudence and will cross-examine academic positions and texts. The Challenges faced by the HRA 1998 Domestic statute law therefore far has consisted of the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992, Social Security Administration Act 1992 and the Social Security Act 1998. Since the acceptance of the HRA 1998, the ECHR has to be incorporated into domestic statute law in so far as possible to make so. [ 1 ] Whilst, the statute law in topographic point is reasonably commensurate, it does non supply an equal model of security jurisprudence. Alternatively, societal security jurisprudence is frequently contained in particular ordinances as opposed to Acts of Parliament. [ 2 ] McColgan [ 3 ] high spots the importance of EC jurisprudence, in peculiar the far-reaching effects of Council Directive 79/7 which propounds the execution of equal intervention in societal security services associating to sickness, invalidness, old age, accident and unemployment. [ 4 ] Despite this directing holding direct consequence in member provinces, the United Kingdom appears to hold lagged behind in its execution. In the landmark trial instance ofWillis v. United Kingdom[ 5 ] , a hubby who nursed his deceasing married woman had applied upon her decease for entitlement of societal security to the same degree a widow would hold earned from the decease of her hubby under similar fortunes. The applicant relied on Article 14 and Article 8 of the ECHR on the evidences of sexual favoritism and misdemeanors under the HRA 1998. Whilst the applier was awarded ?25,000 in monetary amendss, the tribunal had found that he had yet suffered any favoritism. The favoritism was, nevertheless an subjective affair that the applier was likely to endure. Consequently, the ECJ gave the United Kingdom a caution vis-a-vis its failure to implement satisfactory non-discriminatory steps. In the earlier instance ofHobbs v. United Kingdom[ 6 ] , where the applier challenged a determination declining him a Widow s Bereavement Allowance ( available under subdivision 262 of theIncome and Corporation Taxes Act 1988) , the Government argued that the applier had failed to wash up domestic redresss, by neglecting,inter alia, to convey judicial reappraisal proceedings. The statement was non substantiated in the tribunal followingWilkinson v. Commissioners of the Inland Revenue[ 7 ] in which MJ Moses found the determination to be incompatible with the HRA 1998 and later granted a declaration of mutual exclusiveness before leting the instance to predispose the applier to continue in the European Courts. In regard to the disagreements of the retirement age being dependent on the sex, the male applier inWalker V United Kingdom[ 8 ] sought to dispute his right to be able to retire at the same age as adult females. Currently under the Pensions Act 1995, males are entitled to pension at the age of 65 whilst adult females are entitled at the earlier age of 60. Although the ECJ considered the damages faced by Mr. Walker, they acknowledged that the authorities had adopted progressive steps which would rise the age of retirement for adult females to the same age as work forces by 2010. [ 9 ] On a separate note, observers such as Gask [ 10 ] disseminate the position that if Walker was able to supplant national process, much to the likesHobbs, so certainly the HRA 1998 hour angle s failed to convey the ECHR into full domestic process itself. Arguably, Walker would non hold had to dispute the favoritism in the first topographic point had the HRA 1998 incorporated Council Directive 79/7 and made specific allotment for equal pension attainment for males and females. Similarly, the recent House of Lords instance ofR. ( On the application of Carson ) v. Secretary of State for Work and Pensions[ 11 ] where their Lordships questioned the cogency of a British pensionary being restricted from having her full pension because she was occupant in South Africa. Notwithstanding the fact that Ms. Carson had made full pension parts, she was denied an addition in proportion to additions in the cost of life. The tribunal had held that her differential intervention has non infringed Article 14 of the ECHR since her being occupant in South Africa could non be aligned with life cost additions in the United Kingdom. [ 12 ] R as opposed to Carson, in the interim challenged her rights was a individual individual under the age of 25 who was made redundant. She argued that the payment of jobseeker s allowance and income support at lower rates than were paid to a individual aged 25 violated her rights under Humanistic disciplines 14 and 1 of the First Protocol ECHR. De spite her challenge, the tribunal held that that payment at different rates depending on age was rationally justifiable since individuals under 25 as a group could be regarded as holding lower net incomes and lower life costs. III.Decision In analyzing these opinions, it would look that the tribunals have taken a austere stance on restricting the range that human rights jurisprudence can widen societal security steps. The construct of rationality’ and proportionality’ are impressions that are discussed in all of the instances above. Possibly, they are positive steps to forestall human rights jurisprudence taking a clasp over facets of societal security commissariats whilst besides paying respect for the importance of upholding cardinal civil autonomies. It is my position that the Courts have reached a satisfactory attack in its latest instances. Having said this, it is extremely likely that other countries of societal security jurisprudence are likely to be challenged in the hereafter. 999w Bibliography Case Commentary , P.L. 2005, Win, 863-864 Employment and Discrimination , E.H.R.L.R. 2004, 4, 452-454 Independent Review Sevice,The Human Rights Act 1998, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.irs-review.org.uk/infocent/commad/hright/hrights.htm. McColgan,Discrimination Law,( 2000 ) , p.247 Your Rights, yourrights.org.uk 1

The Wuthering Heights Review

The 'Wuthering Heights' Review When Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights was first published in 1847, under the name of Ellis Bell, it received mixed reviews. Although some critics saw the potential evident in the cyclical plot and other literary devices, many others were shocked and dismayed by the unashamedly dark storyline. Different for the Era To be sure, Wuthering Heights was a very different book than what was generally considered acceptable during that era. In direct contrast to Emily Brontes novel, Susannah Rowsons Charlotte Temple (1828) tells the story of a young lady who permits her beau to steal her away in the middle of the night. Predictably, he impregnates her and then abandons her, after which she dies of a broken heart. As was common in novels of the era, Charlotte Temple used a fictional story to instruct its readers―primarily young ladies―in what was expected of them. Flawed Characters In Wuthering Heights, one of the main female characters dies of what could also be considered a broken heart, but the effect is a very different one from that of Charlotte Temple. Instead of presenting an overly sentimental worst-case scenario meant to frighten its readers onto the straight-and-narrow, Wuthering Heights seduces its readers with its dark passion and misguided characters. Both Heathcliff and Catherine are flawed characters, but their flaws intrigue the reader just as surely as they repel. If there is any lesson to be learned after Catherines death, it is the folly of denying your hearts greatest passion―a mistake completely at odds with the cause of Charlotte Temples downfall. Controversy Obscurity Due to the novels tumultuous passion, the book received a mixture of responses. Eventually, those who were scandalized by the books inappropriateness won out, and Emily Brontes only novel was buried in literary obscurity. Decades later, when Wuthering Heights was revived by the interest of modern scholars, the unique literary devices used in the work began to earn more attention than its soap opera-like tale of obsession and loss. Although the second part of the novel―the part that chiefly concerns Catherine and Heathcliffs respective children―is frequently overlooked in retellings and screen adaptations, many contemporary critics believe it holds the key to Emily Bronte’s real literary genius. The first generation of children―Catherine, her brother Hindley, and the gypsy child Heathcliff―had led miserable lives, and both Catherine and Hindley died young as payment for their misguided passions. As a result of Heathcliffs scheming prior to Hindleys death, he has inherited the Earnshaw home, as well as the care of Hindleys son, Hareton. After the death of Heathcliffs estranged wife―Catherine’s husband’s sister, his own son, Linton, comes to live with him as well, setting in motion his final push for revenge. Generations The highlight of the second part of the book is when Heathcliff effectively kidnaps Catherines daughter, who is called Cathy. With the three children now all under one roof, the latter half of the book parallels the beginning, when Catherine, Hindley, and Heathcliff were all children together in the same house. However, whether by a twist of fate or Heathcliffs mistreatment of the boy, Haretons demeanor and place in the household resembles Heathcliffs childhood persona more than that of his own father, while Linton is so weak and sickly that he is the perfect opposite of Heathcliff.Despite the clear similarities to the old rivalries, though, the children begin to converge, rather than to follow in the footsteps of their parents. Maddened by a desire for revenge, Heathcliff attempts to play them against one another, forcing Cathy to marry Linton so that he may inherit the neighboring property that belongs to his rival, Catherines widower. Linton dies soon after. After Heathcliffs own death, the tale comes full circle: the estates return to their rightful heirs, Hareton and the younger Cathy fall in love, and Heathcliff’s legacy of revenge disappears almost without a trace. Complex Storytelling Despite its early reception, the combination of unbridled passion and a complex storytelling form makes Wuthering Heights a favorite in many modern literary circles. The darkness of the story and the lack of accompanying moral teachings shocked many of its contemporaries, while the intricacies of the cyclical plot―the destruction and ultimate reunification of the families―were overlooked until recent decades. A novel that combines masterful literary devices with all of the scandals of a soap opera, Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights was a drama far ahead of its time.

International ManagementCase Study and Set the strategies Essay

International ManagementCase Study and Set the strategies - Essay Example It cannot also modify the product that it offers to the European market. The company will also have to deal with the high marketing expenses and will need to deal with the government authorities in keeping with their regulations on exporting. 2. Enter into an alliance with a large European company. Entering an alliance with a European company offers myriad of benefits for Dale. For one, this will enable the business organization to share risks and costs associated in entering the European market. Since, it will be dealing with an established firm which is already prominent in the target market, its entry will be much easier. Conforming to government regulation is also facilitated by the partnership. It should be noted that governments often favor local companies than foreign ones. Through the partnership, Dale will also benefit from the European company's knowledge and brand equity in the market together with the technology and other expertise of its partner. However, drawbacks can include mistrust in sharing proprietary technology and cultural clashes. Dale also has to deal with how to split the profit noting the asymmetric investments by the partners. 3. Manufacture the product in the United States and set up a wholly owned subsidiary in Europe. Manufacturing the product in the home country will enable Dale to reap economies of scale in production. Setting up a wholly owned subsidiary in Europe will allow the company to control marketing tactics and building brand image. It will also enable Dale to learn more about the market and tailor its product according. However, this will present concerns over government regulation and having to deal with a workforce with a different culture. 4. License a European firm to manufacture and market the phone in Europe. This will benefit Dale with a high return on investment as it will be given a high fee for the manufacture and marketing of the revolutionary wireless phone. No intervention in the foreign market is required as the licensee shoulders all the risk involved. The only downside is its inability to reap returns on manufacturing and marketing activities. It is recommended that Dale chooses to partner with a large European firm in manufacturing and marketing its product abroad. This partnership will enable the company to enter the market easier while using the strong brand equity of the large firm. Sharing the risk with another entity is a potential way of mitigating risk. It should be noted that its partner's knowledge about the market will allow it to tailor its product according to unique needs of its target market. Section 2. 1. How does expanding internationally benefit Wal-Mart In the international arena, Wal-Mart recognized that opportunities in the home country were becoming constrained. Wal-Mart is benefited from the international expansion through capturing a wider market base. It should be noted that as most developing economies improve their condition, opportunities abroad abound. The higher income in foreign markets represents profit prospects for retailers. The company also reaps economies of scale in purchasing and ordering due to its strategic partnership with merchandise suppliers. International expansion also enables it to employ its expertise and capabilities while banking on its strong brand equit

Printed circuit board in a toaster Research Paper

Printed circuit board in a toaster - Research Paper Example A toaster is a modern appliance used for toasting bread by converting electrical energy to heat energy which is then radiated to the bread (see appendix for a picture of one). In many households a toaster is a part of their breakfast or other meals as it easily and quickly prepares a toast as opposed to any other method you could use to prepare a toast. The device retails from as low as thirty bucks on Amazon therefore going by this its PCB cost would have to be quite low. In fact PCB production as per the Silver Circuits’ website (2011) is as low as 13 cents per square inch. This can be attributed to the few parts that make it up and the reduction in cost when mass producing these boards. (See appendix for a sample PCB). For effective functioning of the PCB in a toaster the following product design specifications have to be considered. (These are based on the environment of operation and a toaster’s manufacturer requirement for its PCB). On electrical consideration first we should consider the dielectric constant otherwise referred to as permittivity. This is an undertaking of accumulation electrostatic lines made of flux in a dielectric. (WhatIs.com Website, 2011). This depends on where the PCB is to be used, for instance in PCBs with many layers low values are preferred whereas those that are designed for RF circuits would have high values. In our case the toaster operates at low frequency and its PCB need not to be a multiple count one hence a value in between is good enough, however since the electric circuit in a toaster is a timer which uses capacitance the dielectric used to provide additional capacitance required. The second is loss tangent. This is usually a magnitude of how the dielectric component dissipates electromagnetic type of energy. Though more sensitive at higher frequencies it should be as low as possible for correct operation. Thirdly the materials should not absorb a

Causal Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Causal Argument - Essay Example In the course of the ruling, the regulation was improved to permit States to opt-out of growing admission to Medicaid (Troy 30-32). The law necessitated all American citizens to have a health insurance plan by 2014 with an option of paying a month fee for every month short of minimum necessary coverage. The health plan was shared responsibility, which was unofficial to individual’s mandate. Supreme Court administrated it to be a tax plan but rather not a mandate by ruling June 28, 2012 (Troy 30-33). The healthcare law does not alter the approach to which insurance is obtained, since people can still purchase private insurance, acquire employer-established insurance, and acquire healthcare insurance plan via government programs like Medicaid or Medicare. However, the Obama Care only adds new ways of purchasing the insurance cover and plans. According to the law, insurance can only be purchased through state health insurance marketplaces where the insured obtain cost assistance and acquire apples-to-apples evaluations of plans (Hollander 1). According to the law, each insurance cover categories have their open enrollment times, consequently making certain categories of insurance plan to be purchased only during specific period of the year (Hollander 1). The Health Care Act is a problem to some quotas of the Americans who view it as expensive while others view is at cheaper. It necessitates all American citizens to buy a private health care insurance plan, get immunity or remit a tax fine on their end year taxes. According to the law, citizens who are unable to afford health insurance cost either qualify for Medicaid, Medicare, CHIP or acquire support in the formula of tax credits or support with the up-front costs via their State’s Health Insurance Exchange Marketplace (Wear 17-20). Those who cannot afford even after assistance especially when the insurance cost is more than 8 percent of their families

Palestinian ‘invasion Essay Example for Free

Palestinian ‘invasion Essay Since December 1, 2004, out of the 1085 Times’ columns, 37 percent of them talked about Palestinian ‘invasion(s)’, 36 percent mentioned ‘terrorism’, 28 percent talked about ‘terrorist(s)’, 21 percent brought up Palestinian ‘violence’ , 18 percent cited ‘suicide bombing(s)’, 16 percent stated Palestinian ‘weapon(s)’ and 14 percent of them cited Palestinian ‘radicals’. On the contrary to this strong Israeli account, only two words mirroring a Palestinian plot come into view in an equivalent proportion of Times’ columns. Israeli â€Å"settlement(s)† were cited in 32 percent of articles and Israeli â€Å"occupation† was cited in only 16 percent of columns. This one-sidedness is even more arresting because the stress on Palestinian violence heard from last two and a half years time during which Israelis murdered 965 Palestinians, above half of the city dwellers, while Palestinians killed only 85 Israelis . However, Israeli ‘attacks(s)’ are cited in 13 percent of Times columns and Israeli ‘violence’ in only 4 percent. Ethan Bronner recently expressed his viewpoint at the back of The Times’ staged tilt towards a right-wing Israeli-US account. In mocking Jimmy Carter’s latest best-selling volume, Bronner said: â€Å"the never-ending disgrace of everyday life for the Palestinians under Israeli occupation† as â€Å"particularly since Israels exits from Southern Lebanon and Gaza have not closed anti-Israel hostility from those regions†, and since â€Å"for the most radical heads of the Muslim world†¦ resolving the Israel issue†¦ means getting rid of Israel. † However, Bronner’s assertion that a stress on Palestinian and Muslim violent behavior and extremism is required by recent actions is contradicted by the truth that the Times approach isn’t a newly-fangled one, but stands for a business as normal, mirroring the similar orientalist portrayal of Arabs and Muslims drawn by Edward Sa’id in 1978. An example of other Times’ columns from the last weeks offers solid cases of the biased coverage behind the stories. A columnist Isabel Kershner noted in the beginning sentences of her article â€Å"Israel and Palestinians Trade Fire in Gaza and West Bank† (April 22, 2007) that: â€Å"A sharp rise of Israeli-Palestinian fighting in the West Bank and Gaza left up to six Palestinians deceased and ended in Israeli air strikes into Gaza. † Although 6 Palestinians were murdered inside the West Bank and Gaza, with five deaths definitively credited to the Israeli armed forces, with no Israeli damages reported, the column captioned a swap over of blaze. Kershner’s beginning precis sentence didn’t point out the â€Å"violence† or even intensification to Israel, nor did she make use of the word â€Å"attack† to explain Israeli events. Even more odd, of the column’s 851 words in total, 524 words were dedicated to reciting a Palestinian â€Å"attack† on a confidential ‘American School for Palestinians in Gaza’ during which the invaders, â€Å"Islamic extremists† ruined school property, but no one got injuries. So Israeli soldiers, who slaughtered 6 Palestinians, didn’t assault and got less reporting than Palestinian extremists who assailed, though they injure not a soul. Well-known Israeli reporter Amira Hass has said: â€Å"What newspaper writing is truly about – its to keep a close eye on power and the centers of power. † The New York Times has been unsuccessful in attaining that idyllic model, not simply in coverage of Iraq, but also in reporting on Israelis and Palestinians conflict. Sooner than any perception of impartiality, balance or truth, the Times replicates as a substitute the inequity of authority between Israel and Palestine, highlighting the outlooks of the influential players – the Israelis and US administrations. Palestinians’ lived episodes – that they are beleaguered, being murdered, on the breadline, having their property seized, deprived of their human rights and the sufferers of a biased system – are masked by the drumming of ‘Palestinian terrorism’, even when hardly ever Israeli soldiers are being murdered. Similarly with Iraq, this chauvinistic story of inborn Arab bloodshed is being browbeaten to give good reasons for dominance of one people by another. Lacking this investigation, Bill Moyers’ â€Å"Buying the War† stands for only a primary step towards revealing US media bias in coverage of the Middle East. References: Edward Said. â€Å"Orientalism†. New York: Vintage Books. 1978. Kershner, Isabel. â€Å"Israel Says Hamas Was Plotting Terrorist Attacks†. The New York Times, April 11, 2007. 12 May 2007

Research Proposal: Eating Breakfast and Weight Loss Essay -- health, c

Introduction and Background Introduction Almost two out of three adults are obese or overweight, and more than half of the young children are not active enough to have potential risk for obesity (King, 2013). Obesity has already become one of the most significant public health issues in the entire world. Research has mentioned that obesity could lead to the many risks for premature mortality and numerous chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, coronary heart diseases, hypertension, and decreased life expectancy, and it could affect an individuals’ social and psychological status. People who have obesity are also more likely to experience bias, discrimination, and reduce quality of life (King, 2013). Numerous strategies have been proposed to manage obesity. Energy intake plays a key role in managing obesity and weight loss. Some people opt to eat one or two meals per day which may not be a healthy way of losing weight. Breakfast is often said to be the most important meal of the day. Eating a good breakfast can reduce the total energy, carbohydrate, and fat ingested over a long day, which a sufficient healthy breakfast can be conducive to change the portion size ingested at lunch and dinner in order to cut off calories (De Castro, 2007). Some researchers mentioned that increasing breakfast intake could help to decrease weight easier compared to those who did not eat breakfast (Schusdziarra et al., 2011). Choosing what type of breakfast to eat is important when individuals want to have access to controlling weight. Vander et al. (2008) said that the egg breakfast could enhance the efficiency of weight loss with an energy-deficit diet. However, some individuals still don’t believe e... ... 167 (2), 188. Lohman, T. G., Roche, A. F., &Martorell, R. (1991). Anthropometric standardization reference manual, 71-80. Miller, T., Mauthner, M., Birch, M. & Jessop, J. (2012). Ethics in qualitative research. SAGE. Sacco, J. E., &Tarasuk, V. (2009). Health Canada's proposed discretionary fortification policy is misaligned with the nutritional needs of Canadians. Journal of Nutrition, 139(10), 1980- 1986. Schusdziarra, V., Hausmann, M., Wittke, C., Mittermeier, J., Kellner, M., Naumann, A., Erdmann, J. (2011). Impact of breakfast on daily energy intake - an analysis of absolute versus relative breakfast calories.Nutrition Journal, 10(1), 5-12. Wyatt, H. R., Grunwald, G. K., Mosca, C. L., Klem, M. L., Wing, R. R., & Hill, J. O. (2002). Long-term weight loss and breakfast in subjects in the National Weight Control Registry. Obesity Research, 10(2), 78-82.

Problem Caused by Anti-Smoking Legislation in Hong Kong

Title: Analyse the problems caused by the implementation of anti-smoking legislation in Hong Kong. Identify some solutions to these problems. Paragraph 1 In recent years many countries have enacted anti-smoking legislation. For example, on 1 January 2007 Hong Kong extended no smoking areas to cover the inside of restaurants, as well as offices and some public outdoor areas (Tobacco control, 2007).While these laws have been largely welcomed by both health advocates and the general population, they have had some unintended consequences including an increase in cigarette litter and congestion in areas where smokers congregate, and a decrease in working efficiency in workplaces with significant numbers of smokers. This essay will examine these effects in more detail before considering some possible solutions. Paragraph 2 One of the outcomes of preventing office and shop workers from smoking in offices and shopping centres is that smokers are more likely to gather on pavements in the area near the entrance to the office building or mall.The assembly of these smokers has produced an increase in litter, with waste such as cigarette butts and packaging often discarded on the street. Novotny and Zhao (1999) argue that this litter is plainly observable, may remain in the environment for a long time and might be hazardous to young children and animals if ingested. Given the densely packed office environment in the central business district of Hong Kong, it is apparent that the litter problem from smokers who smoke outside can be quite serious. Paragraph 3As well as the littering problem, groups smoking on pavements can pose a physical danger to young children. Nakahara (2005) mentions that children are often at a height where they can be easily struck by smokers holding lit cigarettes. As the head of the child is often only at leg level to the adult smoker, the burning cigarette could easily harm the eye or other facial features of the child. It is suggested by Nakahara ( ibid) that street smoking has become more widespread after stricter smoking legislation began to be enforced.In the crowded urban parts of Hong Kong, such as in Mongkok and Causeway Bay, even if there are only a small proportion of pedestrians smoking, this would still generate a hazard to young children. Paragraph 4 Besides the outdoor effects of smoking legislation, those companies operating in Hong Kong who employ smokers have also probably suffered. Considering the USA,  Halpern, Shikiar, Rentz and Khan  (2001) find that smokers have appreciably more absences from work than those who have never smoked.The reason for this is believed to be due to increased rates of sickness among smokers. It could also be speculated that as smokers are more likely to take extended breaks than non-smokers, this would precipitate further reductions in working efficiency in offices with many smokers. As business is very important in the Hong Kong economy, maintaining a high working efficiency is vital to Hong Kong competitiveness. Paragraph 5 Regarding the first problem of increased littering, there are four possible methods to counter this issue.According to Bitgood, Carnes and Thompson (1988), these are environmental education, prompting, environmental design and punishment. Environmental education would include TV campaigns against littering, while prompting would mean signage outside offices reminding smokers not to litter. Environmental design would mean improved design of cigarette bins, and punishment means fines. A combination of these methods, together with increased frequency of visits by cleaners, would plausibly be the most effective solution to littering, and this already happens in Hong Kong (Clean Hong Kong, 2012).Paragraph 6 The physical risk caused by smokers in public areas to young children can perhaps be solved by the establishment of smoking zones. While in Hong Kong, universities are supposedly smoke free, in the United States there are moves by some universities to have areas where smoking is allowed (Ryman, 2010). Although the presence of these smoking zones is common in airports, the proposal by universities in America would be for outdoor zones so this could lead to opposition by some non smokers.As  Kennedy et al. (2012) observe, in countries where restrictions have been placed on indoor smoking, thereby prompting greater outdoor smoking, a majority of interviewees now support outdoor smoking limits in certain settings. Paragraph 7 Finally, the issue of working efficiency has also begun to be addressed in the United States, with certain employers, for the most part health care facilities, now actively not employing those applicants who state that they smoke on the application form.Koch (2012) points out that while a tobacco-free recruiting procedure is intended to endorse health and decrease insurance costs, these polices of discrimination against smokers might have unintended repercussions with smokers feeling punished r ather than encouraged to quit smoking. As a result, some States in America have started passing laws forbidding the discrimination in the workplace of smokers (Summary of District of Columbia Laws, 2010), although in Hong Kong this is not currently proscribed under the labour ordinance (Labour Department, 2012).Paragraph 8 This essay has examined the problems created by the ban on smoking in offices and many indoor public venues in recent years. These problems include a deteriorating litter problem, a danger to young children from lit cigarettes and decreased working efficiency among smokers. Solutions that were considered include intensifying and varying litter prevention schemes, establishing smoke free zones and implementing legislation to prevent smokers from being employed. Paragraph 9It is the belief of this writer that while the anti-smoking legislation was welcome, there was not enough thought regarding the consequences of this legalisation before it was implemented. While r emedial measures can be introduced to partially solve some of these problems, the only certain way to eliminate these problems is to further reduce the number of smokers. For this to happen, it is likely that further legalisation which further restricts the advertising, sale, and consumption of tobacco is needed by the Hong Kong Government.

Are Mongols Barbarians?

The strong military, organized government and religious tolerance all pointed that Mongols are civilized; therefore, they should not be called as barbarians which have no humanity, cruel, violent and are lack of managements. The Mongols were used to be small clans which often fight with each other for supplies. Around 1200, Temujin, Genghis Khan, defeated his enemies one by one and united the Mongols. He led the Mongols and found the largest connected land empire in the history, the Mongol Empire.Mongols created the Pax Mongolia and had great influenced on the later world. First of all, Mongols are not barbarians because they had well-organized government. They divided the large empire into four khanates which made them easier to control (Document 1). Also the villages were divided into two districts. For example, the village of Saint Denis had a district where the markets were and a district that were all craftsman (Document 7). Kublai granted taxes and built new capital. Besides, h e set new laws, and the crime rate decreased about half (Document 8).The Mongols ameliorated the conveyance by building canals (Document 10). They also established post office that had more than 10,000 posts and 200,000 horses to pass the message (Document 12). All the systems and reconstructions they created pointed out that Mongols aren’t barbarians. Next, the military organization proved Mongols’ good arrangement ability which lead to a result that they aren’t barbarian. Mongols knew how to use silk as a tool to practice their skills (Document 2).The ten soldiers were put into groups and had captain for each. Ten of those groups form a hundred and had another captain. Over ten captains of thousand was a captain who control a thousand men. Above those ten captains was a man. Then one or two chiefs control the whole army with highest command (Document 3). Mongols also sat traps for other cities, and made fake figures to let the army look bigger and more fearful (Document 4). The armies protected the trades and routes, too. So the trades and passengers could be safe.Mongols had shown their smart brains with great thoughts in military with civilized organizations. Last, Mongols had opened-mind and accepted different religious which revealed Mongols’ kindness and religious tolerance. Even though Mongols did not believe in Christianity, there were still Christian churches (Document 7). Mongols were opened to new ideas, Kublai wanted Marco Polo to bring a hundred Christian. However, Marco Polo didn’t, but the act showed the wide opened- mind of Mongols (Document 8). They also established society and preserved culture (Document 10).The emperor, Mongke Khan even allowed the Christians, Muslims and Buddhists to hold a council and write their true ideas about his laws and books (Document 13). Mongols are not barbarians, they respected, adopted all religious and ideas. One of the most important empire that ever exist, the Mongol Empir e, is often considered as a barbaric rulers. But, they are not. Not only because they well organized their military, government, and also religious tolerance. Mongols are educated and civilized which think when one does.

4 Reasons to Teach in a Private School

4 Reasons to Teach in a Private School Teaching in a private school has many advantages over teaching in a public school. For most of us, it comes down to the reality that all we really want to do is teach. We find the administrative side of the job confining and time-consuming. Minimal bureaucracy has to be the biggest advantage of teaching in a private school, but there are other advantages. Private schools create a climate for serious teaching with the following: thin management structuresmall class sizessmall schoolsideal teaching conditions Thin Management Structure A private school is its own independent entity. Its not part of a large administrative group of schools, like  those in a school district. So you dont have to go up or down through layers of bureaucracy to deal with issues. Private schools are autonomous units of manageable size. The organization chart typically has the following upward path: StaffDepartment HeadHead of SchoolBoard. You will find additional layers in larger schools, but even there its a pretty thin management structure. The advantages are obvious: responsiveness to issues, clear communication channels. You dont need a union to help you deal with issues when you have easy access to administrators. Small Class Sizes This issue goes to the heart of what we teachers are all about. Small class sizes allow us to teach effectively, to give our students the individual attention which they deserve, and to accomplish the goals which have been entrusted to us. Private schools typically have class sizes of from 10-12 students. Parochial schools generally have larger class sizes, but even they are smaller than those in comparable public schools. Contrast this with your public schools which range from 25-30 or more students per class. At that class size, you become a traffic cop, not a teacher. Union mandated class size is not an issue in private schools. Small Schools Most private schools have 300-400 students. The largest independent schools top out at only 1100 or so students. Compare that with public schools with 2,000-4,000 students and you can understand why students in private schools are not just numbers. Teachers can get to know all their students as well as others throughout the school community. The community is what private schools are all about. Ideal Teaching Conditions Teachers want to be creative. They want to teach their subject. They want to light the fires of enthusiasm for learning within their young charges. Because private schools adhere to the spirit, but not to the letter of state-mandated curricula, there is great flexibility in the choice of texts and of teaching methodologies. You dont need a union agreeing to the adoption of this text or that methodology for use in the classroom. Common Goals Private school students are there because their parents want them to have the best possible education. Parents are paying serious money for that service. Consequently, everybody expects the very best results. If you are passionate about your subject, you feel the same way. Only the best will do. Public Vs Private Education: Differences While there are many differences between public and private schools, the primary difference is the approach to discipline. In a private school, the rules of the school are clearly laid out when you sign the contract to attend a private school. By signing the contract you agree to abide by the terms of the contract which include consequences for infraction of the discipline code. In a public school, you have rights - constitutional rights which must be respected. The disciplinary process takes time and frequently is a cumbersome, complicated process. Students quickly learn how to play the system and can tie teachers up in knots for weeks over disciplinary matters.​ Discipline Promotes an Atmosphere of Learning When you are not fighting for control of a class, you can teach. Because parents send their children to private school to learn, the focus is on learning. Of course, there will still be the usual teenage experimenting with authority and the limits. But, as a rule, that kind of testing is fairly harmless. Why? Because everybody knows the rules. The code of conduct spells out serious consequences for disrespecting a teacher or a classmate. The code of conduct is enforced. Bullying is unacceptable behavior. Disruptive behavior is unacceptable. Fighting is unacceptable. Discipline promotes an atmosphere of learning. Discipline is a critical part of the three-way partnership private school education is all about. When you sign the contract with the school, you commit to a three-way partnership. While the school takes care of the academics and provides a host of other services while your child is in its care, you are still required to be involved. The school will not allow you to be a silent partner. It will insist on your involvement. When you have no distractions in the classroom, you can teach. Editors note: Brian Horgan is the Director of the Upper School at Gilmour Academy. I asked him why he taught in an independent as opposed to a public school. Here is his response. Most of the colleagues with whom I work and share the joy of independent school teaching, celebrate the aspects of what the late British historian of ideas, Isaiah Berlin, famously refers to as negative libertythe freedom to act without interference from others. Clearly, this is a valuable aspect of independent school teaching. Most of us relish the opportunity to work free of burdensome dictates of state department of education mandates, strict and often misguided teacher certification and re-certification requirements, pat curricular designs and assessment procedures, and bureaucratic paperwork including the submission of daily lesson plans. In my teaching career I have come to appreciate the benefits of this kind of liberty as well; however, I try to remain attentive to the opportunities, by way of responsibilities, this kind of freedom makes imperative. It is precisely these opportunities that give me cause to celebrate the independent school experience. More specifically, the fr eedom I enjoy as an independent school teacher affords me the opportunity to turn my attention to things that matter most.​ Because I am free from the democratic, though nobly intended, policies of public education, I can work within a smaller community where individuals can meet the individual needs of other individuals. Of course, the demands of the community become more pronounced in this small settingthe virtuous practice of sharing, listening, and compassion are paramount to the success of the independent school. A good public school system will, to be sure, have teachers who are committed to these virtues as wellmy children have been in their classrooms. But it is also true that there are teachers who are not so committed in part, perhaps, because they work in school systems where, by necessity or accident, sociological statistics and objective data collection have become more important than people. Unfortunately, independent schools employ people like this as well but my sense is that this is accidental rather than the inevitable by-product of a large educational system overburdened by bureaucratic demands. The small community of learners to be found in an independent school invites us to listen to the individual needs of our students and respond to those individual needs rather than having to resign ourselves to the limitations that long class rosters and incredibly hefty teaching loads would normally dictate. It invites us to share our insights, strategies, and classrooms with our colleagues rather than wasting time and energy protecting turf and reputation. It invites us to self-direct our professional growth rather than having it governed for us by people whom we have never met. When we enjoy these benefits of independence, however, we must recognize that the source of our joy is an independence hat differs from the negative liberty of no interference. As independent school educators we must be constantly mindful that to be independent of outside demands is to be, at the same time, bound by professional and inter-personal obligations, and that monitoring these obligations has become, to a great extent, the responsibility of the individual rather than the state, or proficiency test results, or the superintendent, or even, in some cases, the department chair. Freedom should never mean that one is free to do whatever one pleases; rather it should mean that one has the opportunity to focus with greater clarity on the proper limits of independence. To be independent does not allow one to say leave me alone and let me do my work; instead it calls one to invite others to share that work in an environment that is grounded in trust. With freedom comes dutya duty to m ove beyond the walls of individual classrooms and attend to the broad requisites of the mission. Unfortunately, I fear this aspect of independence is sometimes overlooked. Fortunately, many independent school teachers are mindful of the full scope of possibilities their independence affords and consequently enjoy the most rewarding benefits of teaching at an independent school. Some people think that you have to wear an academic gown when you teach at a private school. At least thats the impression you get when you watch the Harry Potter movies. Thats just one misconception people have about teaching in a private school. Myths abound concerning teacher salaries, teacher certification, faculty housing, same-sex partners and the impression that private schools are elitist. Lets find out the facts. Salaries Myth: Private school teachers make less than their colleagues in public schools. As with most things, thats not necessarily true. A lot depends on the kind of the school we are talking about. For example, a third-grade teacher in a parochial school will make about 10-15% less than her counterpart in a public school. Why? Parochial school budgets are traditionally the slimmest in the business because their tuitions are among the lowest in the business. Now, put that same third-grade teacher in a Montessori school and the salary gap closes significantly. Why? Montessori schools typically charge what the market will bear. Highly qualified teachers with terminal degrees working at the top prep schools will make very close to what their colleagues in public education make. Ditto for administrators. Elitism Myth: Private school students are spoiled rich kids or neer-do-wells who have been packed off to private school for remediation. Yes, there are day schools in many parts of the country where you will see more luxury cars per square foot in the school parking lot than you can possibly imagine. Yes, it is impressive seeing Joshs dad land on the soccer field in his company helicopter*. The reality, however, is that most schools are remarkably diverse, inclusive communities. Ignore the popular stereotypes which Hollywood loves to perpetuate. Same-Sex Partners Myth: Same-sex partners are not welcome in private schools. That may still be the case in most conservative religious schools. On the other hand, some of the top prep schools including Andover welcome same-sex couples on their faculty and staff. They enjoy all the rights and privileges which heterosexual couples enjoy. Housing Myth: Private schools require their faculty to live on campus Some do and some dont. Boarding schools typically want their junior faculty to be dorm masters. In other words, you are required to live in an apartment in the dorm and be responsible for supervising the students who board. Senior faculty and staff generally live in school-provided housing located on campus. Day schools dont require their faculty to live on campus as a rule. Dress Code Myth: Private school teachers have to wear academic gowns. American and Canadian private school teachers dress up in their full academic regalia for state occasions such as prize day and graduation only at schools which have a tradition of such formality. Personally, I think that an academic procession with faculty wearing their gowns and hoods is inspiring. Some English schools such as Eton have a very formal dress code. Gown and mortarboard are de rigeur in the classroom. (Considering how cold and drafty English classrooms can be, thats probably not a bad idea.) What is the dress code in most schools? Generally, it follows the lead of the student dress code. If a blazer, shirt, and tie are required for young men, male faculty will dress similarly. The same applies to women faculty. They will wear clothes appropriate to the young ladies dress code. Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski